Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jul 5:12:927088.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.927088. eCollection 2022.

Tumor Location May Independently Predict Survival in Patients With M0 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis

Kai Li  1 , Xiang Le  1 , Jianqing Wang  1 , Caibin Fan  1 , Jian Sun  1
Affiliations

Tumor Location May Independently Predict Survival in Patients With M0 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis

Kai Li et al. Front Oncol. .

Abstract

Background: To determine the association between tumor location and both clinicopathological characteristics and the survival of patients with M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP).

Methods: Data of 455 patients diagnosed with M0 SCCP between 1975 and 2018 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the United States National Cancer Institute. The effects of tumor location on overall survival (OS) and penile carcinoma-specific survival (PCSS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine the impact of tumor location on PCSS.

Results: SCCP was more likely to occur in the prepuce or glans (90%). Although no significant difference was observed between the OS of patients with M0 SCCP in the prepuce or glans and those with M0 SCCP in the body of the penis (p = 0.307), the former had better PCSS (p = 0.024). Moreover, M0 SCCP in the prepuce or glans was also significantly associated with better PCSS in patients with advanced age (age ≥ 60 years, p = 0.011), other ethnicities (p = 0.003), T2-T4 stage (p = 0.036), larger tumors (≥3 cm, p = 0.001), no regional lymph nodes removed (p = 0.044), and radical surgery (p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis confirmed that tumor location is an independent prognostic factor for patients with M0 SCCP [hazard ratio (HR) 1.881, p = 0.026].

Conclusions: Tumor location is an independent prognostic factor for patients with M0 SCCP, and tumors in the prepuce or glans portend better PCSS.

Keywords: overall survival; penile carcinoma specific survival; prognostic factor; squamous cell carcinoma of the penis; tumor location.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Kaplan–Meier analyses of overall survival (A) and penile carcinoma-specific survival (B) between different tumor locations.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kaplan–Meier analyses of penile carcinoma-specific survival in age < 60 years group (A) and age ≥ 60 years group (B) in patients stratified by tumor location.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Kaplan–Meier analyses of penile carcinoma-specific survival in different ethnicities (A–C) in patients stratified by tumor location.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Kaplan–Meier analyses of penile carcinoma-specific survival on Ta–T1 group (A) and T2–T4 group (B) in patients stratified by tumor location.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Kaplan–Meier analyses of penile carcinoma-specific survival on tumor size < 3 cm group (A) and tumor size ≥ 3 cm group (B) in patients stratified by tumor location.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Kaplan–Meier analyses of penile carcinoma-specific survival on no regional lymph nodes removed group (A) and regional lymph nodes removed group (B) in patients stratified by tumor location.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Kaplan–Meier analyses of penile carcinoma-specific survival in non-radical surgery group (A) and radical surgery group (B) in patients stratified by tumor location.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Kaplan–Meier analyses of penile carcinoma-specific survival in N0 group (A) and N1–N3 group (B) in patients stratified by tumor location.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Kaplan–Meier analyses of penile carcinoma-specific survival in G1+G2 group (A) and G3+G4 group (B) in patients stratified by tumor location.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Ertoy Baydar D, Akkaya H, Dusmez Apa D, Bal N, Demirsam A, Gucluer B, et al. . Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis: A Clinicopathological Study From a Population With Late Circumcision. Rom J Morphol Embryol (2019) 60:521–9. - PubMed
    1. Zekan DS, Dahman A, Hajiran AJ, Luchey AM, Chahoud J, Spiess PE. Prognostic Predictors of Lymph Node Metastasis in Penile Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int Braz J Urol (2021) 47:943–56. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.0959 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Burt LM, Shrieve DC, Tward JD. Stage Presentation, Care Patterns, and Treatment Outcomes for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys (2014) 88:94–100. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.08.013 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Marchionne E, Perez C, Hui A, Khachemoune A. Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review of the Literature and Case Report Treated With Mohs Micrographic Surgery. Bras Dermatol (2017) 92:95–9. doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20175009 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Schoen EJ, Oehrli M, Colby CJ, Machin G. The Highly Protective Effect of Newborn Circumcision Against Invasive Penile Cancer. Pediatrics (2000) 105:E36. doi: 10.1542/peds.105.3.e36 - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources