Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding vaccination among community pharmacists

Abstract

Background: Healthcare professionals' vaccine recommendation is the most effective method to increase vaccination rates of the community. The vaccine counseling and recommendation behavior of pharmacists, who are among the easily accessible healthcare professionals, are influenced by their knowledge and attitudes about vaccines.

Aim: It was aimed to investigate community pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding commonly used vaccines.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted as an online survey with a sample of 1100 community pharmacists in Turkey. Pharmacists were invited to participate in the study by phone calls. A structured survey, which consists of 40 questions to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding vaccines, was sent to the e-mail addresses of pharmacists who volunteered to participate in the study.

Findings: A total of 430 pharmacists completed the survey. Thirty percent of pharmacists had lack of knowledge about vaccination during pregnancy, whereas 52.2% and 31.4% of pharmacists believed that tetanus and influenza vaccines should be provided during pregnancy, respectively. Nearly 89% of pharmacists recommended vaccines to patients, mainly for influenza vaccine (83.9%). Only 31.5% of pharmacists had been vaccinated against influenza in the last season, whereas 50.5% had never been vaccinated. Pharmacists who had been vaccinated with influenza vaccine had a high rate of recommending influenza vaccines to the patients.

Conclusion: The present study found that vaccination among pharmacists in Turkey and their knowledge on vaccination during pregnancy were low. Further education of pharmacists to improve their knowledge and attitudes toward vaccines is needed.

Keywords: attitude; behavior; community pharmacist; influenza vaccine; vaccination rate.

Figure 1.

Sources of information on vaccines stated by pharmacists. *Others (n): academician (5), nurse (4), midwife (2).

Figure 2.

Pharmacists’ knowledge of vaccination during pregnancy. *Others (n): measles-mumps-rubella (4), rabies (2), varicella (1), rubella (1), and pertussis (1).

Figure 3.

The level of pharmacists’ perceived knowledge about components and safety of the influenza vaccine.

Figure 4.

The vaccines are recommended by pharmacists to patients. *Others (n; %): Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (28; 6.5%), polio vaccine (24; 5.6%), tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccine (23; 5.4%), measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (14; 3.3%), typhoid vaccine (7; 1.6%), Zoster vaccine (5; 1.2%).