Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jul 23;22(1):495.
doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04144-2.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children with psychiatric diagnoses - multidimensional CCPCA Model

Anna Maria Kalenik  1 , Mariusz Topolski  2 , Justyna Górnik  3 , Tomasz Wolańczyk  3
Affiliations

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children with psychiatric diagnoses - multidimensional CCPCA Model

Anna Maria Kalenik et al. BMC Psychiatry. .

Abstract

Background: The study aimed to assess the severity of symptoms of anxiety and depression in children with previously diagnosed psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland.

Methods: Online questionnaires were used to investigate three groups of subjects: patients with a psychiatric diagnosis, primary school pupils, and children from children's homes. A total of 167 children with their parents or guardians participated in the study. In addition to basic statistics, a multidimensional Centroid Class Principal Component Analysis (CCPCA) model was used.

Results: It was found that the strongest fear of the coronavirus was experienced by children from children's homes, while the most severe depressive symptoms and state anxiety were observed among patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. Parental care by assisting with school education and lack of close contact with other people (less than two metres) at parents/guardians' work had the most potent protective effect in reducing the fear of COVID-19.

Conclusions: There is a need for further research in children and adolescents to develop effective strategies for protecting their mental well-being when faced with social isolation or disease.

Keywords: CCPCA; COVID-19; Children and adolescents; Class-Centroid Principal Component Analysis; Psychiatric disorder.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
FCV-19S PL mean values with the related 95% confidence intervals by groups
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
CDI 2 mean values with the related 95% confidence intervals by groups
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
STAIC Total Score mean values with the related 95% confidence intervals by groups
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
LOI-CV mean values with the related 95% confidence intervals by groups
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Discriminant power for the CCPCA extraction model
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Classification And Regression Tree (CART)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Luo F, Ghanei Gheshlagh R, Dalvand S, et al. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Fear of COVID-19. Front Psychol. 2021;12:661078. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661078. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, et al. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatry. 2020;33:e100213. doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wu KK, Chan SK, Ma TM. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) J Trauma Stress. 2005;18:39–42. doi: 10.1002/jts.20004. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dennis D, Radnitz C, Wheaton MG. A Perfect Storm? Health Anxiety, Contamination Fears, and COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Past Pandemics and Current Challenges. Int J Cogn Ther. 2021 doi: 10.1007/s41811-021-00109-7. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Goodwin R, Haque S, Neto F, Myers LB. Initial psychological responses to Influenza A, H1N1 (“Swine flu”) BMC Infect Dis. 2009;9:166. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-166. - DOI - PMC - PubMed