Validated simulation models in pediatric surgery: A review

Abstract

Introduction: This review evaluates the validation and availability of simulation models in the field of pediatric surgery that can be used for training purposes.

Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies describing a simulation models in pediatric surgery. Articles were included if face, content and/or construct validity was described. Additionally, the costs and availability were assessed. Validation scores for each model were depicted as percentage (0-100), based on the reported data, to compare the outcomes. A score of >70% was considered adequate.

Results: Forty-three studies were identified, describing the validation process of 38 simulation models. Face validity was evaluated in 33 articles, content in 36 and construct in 19. Twenty-two models received adequate validation scores (>70%). The majority (27/38, 70%) was strictly inanimate. Five models were available for purchase and eleven models were replicable based on the article.

Conclusion: The number of validated inanimate simulation models for pediatric surgery procedures is growing, however, few are replicable or available for widespread training purposes.

Level of evidence: Level II.

Keywords: Pediatric surgery; Simulation; Simulation model; Systematic review; Training; Type of study.