Choroidal occlusive vasculopathy after intraarterial chemotherapy: MRI findings

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients suffering choroidal occlusive vasculopathy (COV) after intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for retinoblastoma.

Methods: A retrospective study of 37 eyes of 34 patients receiving IAQ between 2016 to 2021 as primary or secondary treatment for retinoblastoma was conducted. Twenty-two patients received systemic chemotherapy with carboplatin, vincristine and etoposide. The rest received IAC as primary treatment. The drugs administered were melphalan (3-4mg), carboplatin (40mg) plus topotecan (20mg). The patients were examined under general anaesthesia every month to observe tumor regression and possible complications of the treatment. For the patients with COV an MRI was obtained to analyse the choroidal thickness and axial ocular length.

Results: A COV was observed in 5 of the 37 eyes receiving IAC (13,51%), all of them with a complete sectorial choroidopathy not sparing the fovea (grade 2). In 4 of the 5 patients the choroidal thickness was decreased and in three cases the size of the eye which presented COV was clearly smaller than the contralateral eye. Tumor control was archived in all 5 patients.

Conclusion: In our cases COV was associated with reduction of thinning of choroid and eye length in the MRI. A new classification maybe needed to correlate better with the severity of the complication affecting the fovea. Although early results generally are favorable to the use of IAC, longer follow up and scrupulous documentation of side effects will be necessary to know the true role of IAC for retinoblastoma.

Keywords: Intraarterial chemotherapy; Melfalán; Melphalan; Occlusive choroidal vasculopathy; Quimioterapia intraarterial; Retinoblastoma; Vasculopatía coroidea oclusiva.