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. 2022 Oct:123:212-220.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.045. Epub 2022 Jul 22.

Clinical-epidemiologic variation in patients treated in the first and second wave of COVID-19 in Lambayeque, Peru: A cluster analysis

Mario J Valladares-Garrido  1 , Virgilio E Failoc-Rojas  2 , Percy Soto-Becerra  3 , Sandra Zeña-Ñañez  3 , J Smith Torres-Roman  4 , Jorge L Fernández-Mogollón  5 , Irina G Colchado-Palacios  5 , Carlos E Apolaya-Segura  5 , Jhoni A Dávila-Gonzales  5 , Laura R Arce-Villalobos  5 , Roxana Del Pilar Neciosup-Puican  5 , Alexander G Calvay-Requejo  5 , Jorge L Maguiña  6 , Moisés Apolaya-Segura  7 , Cristian Díaz-Vélez  8
Affiliations

Clinical-epidemiologic variation in patients treated in the first and second wave of COVID-19 in Lambayeque, Peru: A cluster analysis

Mario J Valladares-Garrido et al. Int J Infect Dis. 2022 Oct.

Abstract

Objectives: To identify differences in the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic at the EsSalud Lambayeque health care network, Peru.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study of 53,912 patients enrolled during the first and second waves of COVID-19 was conducted. Cluster analysis based on clustering large applications (CLARA) was applied to clinical-epidemiologic data presented at the time of care. The two pandemic waves were compared using clinical-epidemiologic data from epidemiologic surveillance.

Results: Cluster analysis identified four COVID-19 groups with a characteristic pattern. Cluster 1 included the largest number of participants in both waves, and the participants were predominantly female. Cluster 2 included patients with gastrointestinal, respiratory, and systemic symptoms. Cluster 3 was the "severe" cluster, characterized by older adults and patients with dyspnea or comorbidities (cardiovascular, diabetes, obesity). Cluster 4 included asymptomatic, pregnant, and less severe patients. We found differences in all clinical-epidemiologic characteristics according to the cluster to which they belonged.

Conclusion: Using cluster analysis, we identified characteristic patterns in each group. Respiratory, gastrointestinal, dyspnea, anosmia, and ageusia symptoms were higher in the second COVID-19 wave than the first COVID-19 wave.

Keywords: COVID-19; Cluster analysis; Coronavirus infection; Pandemic wave; Peru; Symptoms.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Epidemiological curve of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Lambayeque health care network during the first and second waves according to the date of symptom onset.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cluster analysis according to pandemic wave and EW. EW, epidemiological week
Figure 3
Figure 3
Clinical characteristics of the participants according to cluster of affiliation (i)
Figure 4
Figure 4
Clinical characteristics of the participants according to cluster of affiliation (ii).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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