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. 2022 Jul 8:10:938770.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.938770. eCollection 2022.

Secular Trends in the Burden of Multiple Myeloma From 1990 to 2019 and Its Projection Until 2044 in China

Yumei Zhao  1   2 , Dongdong Niu  1 , Enlin Ye  1 , Jiasheng Huang  1 , Jia Wang  1 , Xuefei Hou  1   2 , Jiayuan Wu  1   2
Affiliations

Secular Trends in the Burden of Multiple Myeloma From 1990 to 2019 and Its Projection Until 2044 in China

Yumei Zhao et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Objective: Multiple myeloma (MM) imposes a heavy burden in China. Understanding the secular trend of MM burden and projecting its future trend could facilitate appropriate public health planning and improve the management of MM.

Methods: Sex-specific incidence and mortality rates of MM in China from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. The secular trend of MM burden was analyzed by joinpoint regression. Age-period-cohort model was used to analyze the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on MM burden and project future trends up to 2044.

Results: From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of MM continued to increase in males. For females, the age-standardized rates were stable in MM incidence and decreased in MM mortality. Males had a higher disease burden of MM than females. Age effects were the most significant risk factor for MM incidence and mortality. Moreover, the risk of MM incidence and mortality increased with increasing time period but decreased with birth cohort in males and females. The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of MM in China is predicted to be continuously increasing over the next 25 years.

Conclusion: The burden of MM in China is expected to continue to increase in the future, with significant sex difference. A comprehensive understanding of the risk characteristics and disease pattern of MM could help develop timely intervention measures to effectively reduce its burden.

Keywords: age-period-cohort model; disease burden; multiple myeloma; projection; secular trend.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Joinpoint regression analysis in sex-specific age-standardized incidence and death rates of multiple myeloma in China from 1990 to 2019. The ASIR in males (A), ASIR in females (B), ASMR in males (C), and ASMR in females (D). Notes: the annual percent change is statistically significantly different from zero at the a = 0.05 level. ASIR, age-standardized incidence rates. ASMR, age-standardized death rates.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Relative risks of incidence due to age (A), period (B), and cohort (C) effects, and relative risks of deaths due to age (D), period (E), and cohort (F) effects of multiple myeloma in China from 1990 to 2019.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Trends in multiple myeloma incidence and death rates by sex in China: observed (dashed lines) and predicted (solid lines). The ASIR in males (A), ASMR in males (B), ASIR in females (C), and ASMR in females (D). ASIR, age-standardized incidence rates; ASMR, age-standardized death rates.
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