Impact of Heat Shock Proteins in Neurodegeneration: Possible Therapeutical Targets

Abstract

Background: Human neurodegenerative diseases occur as a result of various factors. Regardless of the variety in the etiology of development, many of these diseases are characterized by the accumulation of pathological, misfolded proteins; hence, such diseases are considered as proteinopathies. While plenty of research study has been conducted in order to identify the pathophysiology of these proteinopathies, there is still a lack of understanding in terms of potential therapeutic targets.

Summary: Molecular chaperones present the main workforce for cellular protection and stress response. Therefore, considering these functions, molecular chaperones present a promising target for research within the field of conformational diseases that arise from proteinopathies. Since the association between neurodegenerative disorders and their long-term consequences is well documented, the need for the development of new therapeutic strategies becomes even more critical.

Key message: In this review, we summarized the molecular function of heat shock proteins and recent progress on their role, involvement, and other mechanisms related to neurodegeneration caused by different etiological factors. Based on the relevant scientific data, we will highlight the functional classification of heat shock proteins, regulation, and their therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative disorders.

Keywords: Alzheimer disease; Guillain–Barré syndrome; HSP27; HSP70; HSP90; Heat shock protein; Neurodegeneration; Parkinson disease.

Figure 1.. Schematic Presentation of the HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 Involvement in: (a) Neurodegeneration (ND): Alzheimer Disease (AD), Parkinson’s Disease, Cerebral Ischemia and Peripheral Nerve Degeneration; (b) Immune Mediated ND: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).