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Review
. 2022 Dec;37(1):2036-2062.
doi: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2102005.

The old world salsola as a source of valuable secondary metabolites endowed with diverse pharmacological activities: a review

Mai H ElNaggar  1 , Wagdy M Eldehna  2 , Mohammed A S Abourehab  3   4 , Fatma M Abdel Bar  5   6
Affiliations
Review

The old world salsola as a source of valuable secondary metabolites endowed with diverse pharmacological activities: a review

Mai H ElNaggar et al. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2022 Dec.

Abstract

Salsola is an important genus in the plant kingdom with diverse traditional, industrial, and environmental applications. Salsola species are widely distributed in temperate regions and represent about 45% of desert plants. They are a rich source of diverse phytochemical classes, such as alkaloids, cardenolides, triterpenoids, coumarins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and phenolic acids. Salsola spp. were traditionally used as antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulants. They attracted great interest from researchers as several pharmacological activities were reported, including analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, contraceptive, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial activities. Genus Salsola is one of the most notorious plant genera from the taxonomical point of view. Our study represents a comprehensive review of the previous phytochemical and biological research on the old world Salsola secies. It is designed to be a guide for future research on different plant species that still belong to this genus or have been transferred to other genera.

Keywords: Genus Salsola; biological activity; enzyme inhibition; phytochemicals; traditional uses.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Photographs of selected Salsola spp.; a. S. kali (adapted from kali https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/sp./salsola/kali/), b. S. collina, c. S. tragus, d. S. imbricata (adapted from https://www.floraofqatar.com/amaranthaceae.htm), e. S. komarovii, f. S. oppositifolia Desf. (adapted from adapted from https://powo.science.kew.org/), g. S. soda (adapted from https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sp./168053), h. S. laricifolia (adapted from https://panama.inaturalist.org/taxa/985676-Salsola-laricifolia).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Structures of alkaloids and nitrogenous compounds (1.1–1.23) reported in the genus Salsola.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Structures of cardenolides and steroids (2.1–2.12) reported in the genus Salsola.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Structures of coumarins and coumarinolignans (3.1–3.12) reported in the genus Salsola.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Structures of fatty acids and their derivatives (4.1–4.17) reported in the genus Salsola.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Structures of flavonoids and isoflavonoids derivatives (5.1–5.53) reported in the genus Salsola.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Structures of lignans (6.1–6.6) reported in the genus Salsola.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Structures of triterpenoids and nortriterpenoids (7.1–7.18) reported in the genus Salsola.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Structures of phenolic acids derivatives and simple phenols (8.1–8.29) reported in the genus Salsola.
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
Structures of miscellaneous glycosides (9.1–9.20) reported in the genus Salsola.
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
Structures of biphenylpropanoids (10.1–10.3) reported in the genus Salsola.
Figure 12.
Figure 12.
Structures of polyhydric alcohols and carbohydrates (11.1–11.6) reported from the genus Salsola.
Figure 13.
Figure 13.
Miscellaneous compounds (12.1–12.2) reported in the genus Salsola.
Figure 14.
Figure 14.
Reported pharmacological activities of plants belonging to the old genus Salsola.
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