Review

. 2022 Jul 5;10(7):128.

doi: 10.3390/dj10070128.

Tooth Agenesis Patterns in Orofacial Clefting Using Tooth Agenesis Code: A Meta-Analysis

Brian J Howe^{1

2}, Chandler Pendleton², Miyuraj Harishchandra Hikkaduwa Withanage², Christopher A Childs³, Erliang Zeng^{2

4}, Arjen van Wijk⁵, Ruurd Hermus⁶, Carmencita Padilla⁷, Jacqueline T Hecht⁸, Fernando A Poletta⁹, Iêda M Orioli¹⁰, Carmen J Buxó-Martínez¹¹, Frederic Deleyiannis¹², Alexandre R Vieira¹³, Azeez Butali^{2

14}, Consuelo Valencia-Ramirez¹⁵, Claudia Restrepo Muñeton¹⁵, George L Wehby¹⁶, Seth M Weinberg¹³, Mary L Marazita¹³, Lina M Moreno Uribe^{2

17}, Xian-Jin Xie^{2

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
² The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
³ Hardin Library for Health Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
⁴ Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
⁵ Department of Social Dentistry and Behavioral Sciences, ACTA, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁶ Orthopraktijk Capelle, 2904 EP Capelle aan den IJssel, The Netherlands.
⁷ Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines.
⁸ Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
⁹ ECLAMC at Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, CEMIC-CONICET, Buenos Aires 4102, Argentina.
¹⁰ ECLAMC at Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.
¹¹ Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico.
¹² UCHealth Medical Group, Colorado Springs, CO 80920, USA.
¹³ Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
¹⁵ Clinica Noel, Calle 14 No43B 146, Poblado Barrio Manila, Medellin 050034, Colombia.
¹⁶ Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

PMID: 35877402
PMCID: PMC9323030
DOI: 10.3390/dj10070128

Review

Tooth Agenesis Patterns in Orofacial Clefting Using Tooth Agenesis Code: A Meta-Analysis

Brian J Howe et al. Dent J (Basel). 2022.

. 2022 Jul 5;10(7):128.

doi: 10.3390/dj10070128.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
² The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
³ Hardin Library for Health Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
⁴ Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
⁵ Department of Social Dentistry and Behavioral Sciences, ACTA, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁶ Orthopraktijk Capelle, 2904 EP Capelle aan den IJssel, The Netherlands.
⁷ Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines.
⁸ Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
⁹ ECLAMC at Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, CEMIC-CONICET, Buenos Aires 4102, Argentina.
¹⁰ ECLAMC at Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.
¹¹ Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico.
¹² UCHealth Medical Group, Colorado Springs, CO 80920, USA.
¹³ Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
¹⁵ Clinica Noel, Calle 14 No43B 146, Poblado Barrio Manila, Medellin 050034, Colombia.
¹⁶ Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

PMID: 35877402
PMCID: PMC9323030
DOI: 10.3390/dj10070128

Abstract

Individuals with orofacial clefting (OFC) have a higher prevalence of tooth agenesis (TA) overall. Neither the precise etiology of TA, nor whether TA occurs in patterns that differ by gender or cleft type is yet known. This meta-analysis aims to identify the spectrum of tooth agenesis patterns in subjects with non-syndromic OFC and controls using the Tooth Agenesis Code (TAC) program. An indexed search of databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL) along with cross-referencing and hand searches were completed from May to June 2019 and re-run in February 2022. Additionally, unpublished TAC data from 914 individuals with OFC and 932 controls were included. TAC pattern frequencies per study were analyzed using a random effects meta-analysis model. A thorough review of 45 records retrieved resulted in 4 articles meeting eligibility criteria, comprising 2182 subjects with OFC and 3171 controls. No TA (0.0.0.0) was seen in 51% of OFC cases and 97% of controls. TAC patterns 0.2.0.0, 2.0.0.0, and 2.2.0.0 indicating uni- or bi-lateral missing upper laterals, and 16.0.0.0 indicating missing upper right second premolar, were more common in subjects with OFC. Subjects with OFC have unique TA patterns and defining these patterns will help increase our understanding of the complex etiology underlying TA.

Keywords: cleft lip and palate; hypodontia; machine learning; phenotype.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 2**
Forest plots of most common TAC patterns, all subjects [14,15,16,18].

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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Tooth Agenesis Patterns in Orofacial Clefting Using Tooth Agenesis Code: A Meta-Analysis

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Tooth Agenesis Patterns in Orofacial Clefting Using Tooth Agenesis Code: A Meta-Analysis

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