COVID-19 in Iran: clinical presentations and outcomes in three different surges of COVID-19 infection

Abstract

Background: A few studies compared the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients during the first and second surges of the disease. We aimed to describe the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients across the first, second, and third surges of the disease in Tehran, Iran.

Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 admitted to Sina hospital in Tehran, Iran, during three surges of COVID-19 from February 16 to October 28, 2020.

Result: Surge 1 patients were younger with more prevalence of hypertension. They also presented with significantly higher oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate on admission. Patients had higher levels of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, Urea, CRP, and ESR, in surge 2. The incidence of dyspnea, chest pain, and neurological manifestations followed a significant increasing trend from surge 1 to surge 3. There was no difference in severity and in-hospital mortality between the surges. However, the length of hospital stays and acute cardiac injury (ACI) was less in surge 1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in surge 2 than in other surges.

Conclusion: Patients did not significantly differ in disease severity, ICU admission, and mortality between surges; however, length of hospital stay and ACI increased during surges, and the number of patients developing ARDS was significantly less in surge 2 compared to other peaks.

Keywords: ARDS; COVID-19; Comorbidities; Mortality.

Fig. 1

Census of patients admitted with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with those who developed severe COVID-19 or were deceased across the first three surges of COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran

Fig. 2

The number of patients who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or acute cardiac injury (ACI) during the first three surges of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Tehran, Iran