Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jul 4;12(7):935.
doi: 10.3390/biom12070935.

p-S6 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Leonor Delgado  1   2   3 , Paula Brilhante-Simões  1   2   3 , Fernanda Garcez  2 , Luís Monteiro  2   4 , Isabel Pires  5   6 , Justina Prada  5   6
Affiliations

p-S6 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Leonor Delgado et al. Biomolecules. .

Abstract

Scarce information exists on the role of mTOR pathway proteins and their association to aggressiveness and prognosis of patients with canine oral cancers. We aimed to investigate the activated form of mTOR and its downstream S6 protein in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to evaluate potential associations between protein expression and clinic-pathologic variables and survival. For that we analysed p-mTOR and p-S6 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 61 canine OSCCs. Multivariate analysis was conducted to examine their role in patients' cancer-specific survival (CSS). p-mTOR and p-S6 expression were present in almost all cases. High-expression of p-mTOR was observed in 44 (72.1%) cases using extent score and 52 (85.2%) cases using intensity score. For p-S6, high expression was observed in 53 (86.9%) cases using extent score and in 54 (88.5%) cases using intensity score. An independent prognostic value for p-S6 extension (p = 0.027), tumour stage (p = 0.013) and treatment (p = 0.0009) was found in patients' CSS analysis. Our data suggest that p-mTOR and p-S6 proteins are commonly expressed in canine OSCC and p-S6 expression is correlated with poor CSS in dogs with OSCC. More studies should be performed to identify possible therapeutic targets related with mTOR pathway for these patients.

Keywords: oral cancer; p-mTOR and p-S6 expression; prognostic markers; survival.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of the p-mTOR in four cases of OSCC (A–D), showing low expression (extent and intensity) (case (A2,A3)), high extent and low intensity (B2,B3,C2,C3) and high expression (extent and intensity) (D2,D3), (B2,B3). Numbers 1, 2 and 3 correspond to magnification at 5× (HE), 10× (IHC) and 20× (IHC), respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Immunohistochemical staining of the p-S6 in four cases of OSCC already observed in Figure 1, showing now low expression (extent and intensity) (A) and high expression (extent and intensity) of p-S6 (B–D). Numbers 1 and 2 correspond to magnification of 10× and 20×, respectively.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Kaplan Meier curve of CCS for tumour stage, pattern of invasion, histological type and stage of invasion.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Kaplan Meier curves of CCS for p-mTOR and p-S6 extent and intensity scores.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Vail D.M., Thamm D.H., Liptak J.M. 23—Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract. In: Vail D.M., Thamm D.H., Liptak J.M., editors. Withrow and MacEwen’s Small Animal Clinical Oncology. 6th ed. W.B. Saunders; St. Louis, MO, USA: 2020. pp. 432–491.
    1. Delgado L., Simões P., Prada J., Monteiro L. Oral pathology in a portuguese dogs population: An eight-year biopsy-based retrospective cross-sectional study. J. Vet. Dent. 2022. in press . - PubMed
    1. Thaiwong T., Sledge D.G., Collins-Webb A., Kiupel M. Immunohistochemical Characterization of Canine Oral Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Vet. Pathol. 2018;55:224–232. doi: 10.1177/0300985817741732. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Soukup J.W., Snyder C.J., Simmons B.T., Pinkerton M.E., Chun R. Clinical, Histologic, and Computed Tomographic Features of Oral Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Dogs: 9 Cases (2008–2011) J. Vet. Dent. 2013;30:18–24. doi: 10.1177/089875641303000102. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Van der Steen F., Zandvliet M. Treatment of canine oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma using definitive-intent radiation as a monotherapy—A case series. Vet. Comp. Oncol. 2021;19:152–159. doi: 10.1111/vco.12646. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types