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. 2022 Jul 21;11(7):1417.
doi: 10.3390/antiox11071417.

Antioxidant-Loaded Mesoporous Silica-An Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties

Adrian Szewczyk  1 , Joanna Brzezińska-Rojek  2 , Justyna Ośko  2 , Dorota Majda  3 , Magdalena Prokopowicz  1 , Małgorzata Grembecka  2
Affiliations

Antioxidant-Loaded Mesoporous Silica-An Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties

Adrian Szewczyk et al. Antioxidants (Basel). .

Abstract

The dangerous effects of oxidative stress can be alleviated by antioxidants—substances with the ability to prevent damage caused by reactive oxygen species. The adsorption of antioxidants onto nanocarriers is a well-known method that might protect them against rough environ-mental conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the adsorption and desorption of gallic acid (GA), protocatechuic acid (PCA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) using commercially available mesoporous silica materials (MSMs), both parent (i.e., SBA-15 and MCM-41) and surface functionalized (i.e., SBA-NH2 and SBA-SH). The MSMs loaded with active compounds were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermoporometry (TPM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-CAD) was used to evaluate the performance of the adsorption and desorption processes. The antioxidant potential was investigated using the Folin−Ciocalteu (FC) spectrophotometric method. Among the studied MSMs, the highest adsorption of GA was observed for amine-modified SBA-15 mesoporous silica. The adsorption capacity of SBA-NH2 increased in the order of PCA, 4-HBA < GA < CGA. Different desorption effectiveness levels of the adsorbed compounds were observed with the antioxidant capacity preserved for all investigated compounds.

Keywords: adsorption; antioxidant potential; antioxidants; desorption; mesoporous silica.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure A1
Figure A1
The TGA curves of (a) GA-loaded MSMs samples: MCM-41-GA (orange), SBA-15-GA (blue), SBA-SH-GA (purple), and SBA-NH2-GA (red); (b) reference samples before GA adsorption: MCM-41 (yellow), SBA-15 (blue), SBA-SH (purple), SBA-NH2 (red), GA (green).
Figure A2
Figure A2
The FTIR spectra of parent SBA-NH2 and antioxidant-loaded SBA-NH2 silica materials (types of vibration: υ—stretching; δ—bending).
Figure A3
Figure A3
The DSC thermographs of antioxidant-loaded SBA-NH2 silica: (a) SBA-NH2-PCA; (b) SBA-NH2-CGA; (c) SBA-NH2-4HBA.
Figure 1
Figure 1
The FTIR spectra of GA-loaded MSMs together with the reference samples (types of vibrations: υ—stretching; δ—bending).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The SEM-EDX micrographs of GA-loaded MSMs samples: (a) MCM-41-GA; (b) SBA-15-GA; (c) SBA-SH-GA; (d) SBA-NH2-GA. Blue arrows represent the GA precipitates.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Pore size distribution of parent and antioxidant-loaded SBA-NH2 materials based on H2O-TPM; (b) DSC thermograms of the SBA-NH2, SBA-NH2-GA, and GA reference samples.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The XRD patterns of antioxidant-loaded SBA-NH2 materials with the antioxidant reference samples.
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