Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jul 4;13(7):1196.
doi: 10.3390/genes13071196.

Effects of SNPs in AANAT and ASMT Genes on Milk and Peripheral Blood Melatonin Concentrations in Holstein Cows (Bos taurus)

Songyang Yao  1 , Yunjie Liu  1 , Xuening Liu  1 , Guoshi Liu  1
Affiliations

Effects of SNPs in AANAT and ASMT Genes on Milk and Peripheral Blood Melatonin Concentrations in Holstein Cows (Bos taurus)

Songyang Yao et al. Genes (Basel). .

Abstract

Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), the two rate-limiting enzymes for melatonin synthesis, regulate melatonin production in mammals. Through analysis of the milk melatonin level and dairy herd improvement (DHI) index, it was found that the melatonin concentration in milk was significantly negatively correlated with the 305 day milk yield (305M) and peak milk yield (PeakM) (p < 0.05), while it was significantly positively correlated with the serum melatonin concentration (p < 0.05). The full-length of AANAT and ASMT were sequenced and genotyped in 122 cows. Three SNPs in AANAT and four SNPs in ASMT were significantly related to MT levels in the milk and serum (p < 0.05). The SNPs in AANAT were temporarily denoted as N-SNP1 (g.55290169 T>C), N-SNP2 (g.55289357 T>C), and N-SNP3 (g.55289409 C>T). The SNPs in ASMT were temporarily denoted as M-SNP1 (g.158407305 G>A), M-SNP2 (g.158407477 A>G), M-SNP3 (g.158407874 G>A), and M-SNP4 (g.158415342 T>C). The M-SNP1, M-SNP2, and M-SNP3 conformed to the Hardy−Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05), while other SNPs deviated from the Hardy−Weinberg equilibrium (p < 0.05). The potential association of MT production and each SNP was statistically analyzed using the method of linkage disequilibrium (LD). The results showed that N-SNP2 and N-SNP3 had some degree of LD (D′ = 0.27), but M-SNP1 and M-SNP2 had a strong LD (D′ = 0.98). Thus, the DHI index could serve as a prediction of the milk MT level. The SNPs in AANAT and ASMT could be used as potential molecular markers for screening cows to produce high melatonin milk.

Keywords: AANAT; ASMT; Holstein cows; melatonin milk; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
MT level distribution of 695 milk samples.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The sequence chromatograms of the heterozygous genotypes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
MT levels in milk under different genotypes within the AANAT and ASMT genes. * (p < 0.05) show significant difference. (A) Milk MT level of N-SNP1 within AANAT. (B) Milk MT level of M-SNP1 within ASMT. (C) Milk MT level of M-SNP2 within ASMT. (D) Milk MT level of M-SNP3 within ASMT.
Figure 4
Figure 4
MT levels in the serum under different genotypes within the AANAT and ASMT genes. * (p < 0.05) show a significant difference. (A) Serum MT level of N-SNP2 within AANAT. (B) Serum MT level of N-SNP3 within AANAT. (C) Serum MT level of M-SNP4 within AANAT.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Konturek S.J., Konturek P.C., Brzozowska I., Pawlik M., Sliwowski Z., Cześnikiewicz-Guzik M., Kwiecień S., Brzozowski T., Bubenik G.A., Pawlik W.W. Localization and biological activities of melatonin in intact and diseased Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2007;58:381–405. - PubMed
    1. Cipolla-Neto J., Amaral F.G. do Melatonin as a Hormone: New Physiological and Clinical Insights. Endocr. Rev. 2018;39:990–1028. doi: 10.1210/er.2018-00084. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kvetnoy I.M. Extrapineal melatonin: Location and role within diffuse neuroendocrine system. Histochem. J. 1999;31:1–12. doi: 10.1023/A:1003431122334. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kvetnoy I., Ivanov D., Mironova E., Evsyukova I., Nasyrov R., Kvetnaia T., Polyakova V. Melatonin as the Cornerstone of Neuroimmunoendocrinology. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022;22:1835. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031835. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zhong X., Chen B., Li Z., Lin R., Ruan S., Wang F., Liang H., Tao J. Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment Through the Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Regulating Melatonin-Mediated Mitophagy in Stroke Rats. Neurochem. Res. 2022;47:1917–1930. doi: 10.1007/s11064-022-03575-3. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types