Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Observational Study
. 2022 Jul 8;19(14):8388.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19148388.

Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Peri-Implant Soft and Hard Tissues in Patients with Peri-Implantitis

Valentina Flores  1 , Bernardo Venegas  2 , Wendy Donoso  2 , Camilo Ulloa  3 , Alejandra Chaparro  4 , Vanessa Sousa  5 , Víctor Beltrán  1   6
Affiliations
Observational Study

Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Peri-Implant Soft and Hard Tissues in Patients with Peri-Implantitis

Valentina Flores et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Currently, researchers are focused on the study of cytokines as predictive biomarkers of peri-implantitis (PI) in order to obtain an early diagnosis and prognosis, and for treatment of the disease. The aim of the study was to characterize the peri-implant soft and hard tissues in patients with a peri-implantitis diagnosis. A descriptive observational study was conducted. Fifteen soft tissue (ST) samples and six peri-implant bone tissue (BT) samples were obtained from 13 patients who were diagnosed with peri-implantitis. All the samples were processed and embedded in paraffin for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. A descriptive and quantitative analysis of mast cells and osteocytes, A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), B-cell activating factor (BAFF), osteonectin (ON), and ∝-smooth muscle actin (∝-SMA) was performed. We observed the presence of mast cells in peri-implant soft tissue in all samples (mean 9.21 number of mast cells) and osteocytes in peri-implant hard tissue in all samples (mean 37.17 number of osteocytes). The expression of APRIL-ST was 32.17% ± 6.39%, and that of APRIL-BT was 7.09% ± 5.94%. The BAFF-ST expression was 17.26 ± 12.90%, and the BAFF-BT was 12.16% ± 6.30%. The mean percentage of ON was 7.93% ± 3.79%, and ∝-SMA was 1.78% ± 3.79%. It was concluded that the expression of APRIL and BAFF suggests their involvement in the bone resorption observed in peri-implantitis. The lower expression of osteonectin in the peri-implant bone tissue can also be associated with a deficiency in the regulation of bone remodeling and the consequent peri-implant bone loss.

Keywords: APRIL/BAFF; oral health; osteonectin; peri-implant disease; peri-implantitis; ∝-smooth muscle actin.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Histological samples of soft and peri-implant bone tissue with peri-implantitis. (a) Representative immunohistochemical images for APRIL in peri-implant soft tissue (40×) (black arrows); (b) immunohistochemistry for BAFF in peri-implant soft tissue (40×) (black arrows); (c) APRIL immunostaining in peri-implant bone tissue with peri-implantitis (40×) (black arrows); (d) immunostaining of BAFF in peri-implant bone tissue (40×) (black arrows); (e) osteonectin immunostaining in peri-implant bone tissue (40×) (Boxes); (f) α-SMA immunostaining in peri-implant bone tissue (40×) (black arrows); (g) mast cells in connective tissue in peri-implant soft tissue (Giemsa, 100×) (black arrows); (h) osteocytes in peri-implant bone tissue marked in black arrows (40×).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Lee C., Huang Y., Zhu L., Weltman R. Prevalences of peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Dent. 2017;62:1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.04.011. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Alassy H., Parachuru P., Wolff L. Peri-Implantitis Diagnosis and Prognosis Using Biomarkers in Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics. 2019;9:214. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics9040214. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yaghobee S., Khorsand A., Ghohroudi A.A.R., Sanjari K., Kadkhodazadeh M. Assessment of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 in the crevicular fluid around healthy implants, implants with peri-implantitis, and healthy teeth: A cross-sectional study. J. Korean Assoc. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2014;40:220. doi: 10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.5.220. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Luo L., Xie P., Gong P., Tang X.H., Ding Y., Deng L.X. Expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in Gingival Tissues, GCF and PICF of Periodontitis Patients and Peri-Implantitis. Arch. Oral Biol. 2011;56:1106–1111. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.03.020. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Al-Majid A., Alassiri S., Rathnayake N., Tervahartiala T., Gieselmann D.R., Sorsa T. Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 as an Inflammatory and Prevention Biomarker in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases. Int. J. Dent. 2018;2018:7891323. doi: 10.1155/2018/7891323. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types