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. 2022 Jul 6;15(14):4745.
doi: 10.3390/ma15144745.

Tribological Behavior of Friction Materials of a Disk-Brake Pad Braking System Affected by Structural Changes-A Review

Filip Ilie  1 , Andreea-Catalina Cristescu  2
Affiliations

Tribological Behavior of Friction Materials of a Disk-Brake Pad Braking System Affected by Structural Changes-A Review

Filip Ilie et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

For road safety, braking system performance has become a very important requirement for car vehicle manufacturers and passengers. To this end, vehicle designers must understand the characteristics of tribological behavior and the causes of their variation in properties. This paper analyzes the tribological behavior (at friction and wear) of the most recent material couples of the braking disk-pad system affected by their structural change through the implications on the braking system stability, reliability and suitable characterizations. Obtaining information to design a very efficient braking system and assessing the influence of the material's structural changes on its stability has become a necessity. This has been made possible by using several methods of testing a brake disk-pad couple on various devices intended for this purpose. The materials of the contact surface disk-brake pad with their tribological performance (friction, wear), especially the friction coefficient, present particular importance. Also, system components' reliability, heat transfer and the noise and vibration of the brake disk-pad couple are vital to the correct operation of the braking system and should be given special attention. The test results obtained define the friction patterns and the influence of structural changes and other environmental factors that can be used in computer analysis.

Keywords: brake disk-pad; braking materials; structural changes; tribological performances.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Braking systems; (a) pads with disk; (b) Antilock Braking System (ABS).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Presentation of the friction material formulas evolution from the last two decades (reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. [21]. 2022, Elsevier).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The classical ratio between the main friction materials categories.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Images of C/C-SiC composite microstructure: (a) nonwoven cloth layer, (b) short-strip cloth layer, (c) cross-sectional view with needle fiber, (d) the different components of the final composite material (reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. [21]. 2022, Elsevier).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Variation of the friction coefficient of the composite/cast iron couple bound with a resin binder (reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. [13]. 2022, Elsevier).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Measurement of the friction coefficient, μ in a device for testing brake material samples at different disk temperatures as a function of time and linear slip velocity of 7.15 m/s (reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. [13]. 2022, Elsevier).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Model of a braking friction couple “five-phase” (cast iron disk and composite friction material), which includes a bond with resin (reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. [13]. 2022, Elsevier).
Figure 8
Figure 8
An example of a “distorted” disk brake pad as a result of high temperature and excessive load (reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. [13]. 2022, Elsevier).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Effect of temperature and velocity on the surface of the friction composite (reprinted/adapted with permission from ref. [13]. 2022, Elsevier).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Pads friction material: (a) new condition without bedding (0%); (b) about 25% bedding; (c) approximately 95% bedding.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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