Cyclic Peptides for the Treatment of Cancers: A Review

Abstract

Cyclic peptides have been widely reported to have therapeutic abilities in the treatment of cancer. This has been proven through in vitro and in vivo studies against breast, lung, liver, colon, and prostate cancers, among others. The multitude of data available in the literature supports the potential of cyclic peptides as anticancer agents. This review summarizes the findings from previously reported studies and discusses the different cyclic peptide compounds, the sources, and their modes of action as anticancer agents. The prospects and future of cyclic peptides will also be described to give an overview on the direction of cyclic peptide development for clinical applications.

Keywords: anticancer; cyclic peptide; in vitro; in vivo; mechanism of anticancer.

Figure 1

Cyclic peptides in general.

Figure 2

Literature search flowchart.

Figure 3

Synthesis of cyclic peptides through a combination of solid phase and liquid phase peptide synthesis strategies.

Figure 4

Structure of (a) RA-V; (b) Coibamide A; (c) Apratoxin A; (d) Galaxamide; (e) Bacillistatin 2; (f) Sansalvamide A; (g) Cyclosaplin; (h) Cyclo-CLLFVY; (i) Cyclo-SGWTVVRMY; (j) AFPep; (k) Wewakazole; and (l) Scleritodermin A.

Figure 5

Structure of: (a) Psammosilenin; (b) Lyngbyabellin; (c) Aurilide A; (d) Aurilide B; (e) Aurilide C; (f) Urukthapelstatin A; (g) axinellin A; and (h) axinellin B.

Figure 6

Structure of: (a) RA-XII; (b) Longicalcynin A; (c) Sansalvamide G; (d) Nannocystin (e) C25; (f) Theopapuamide; (g) Stereocalpin; and (h) Dol-10 cyclic.

Figure 7

Structure of: (a) Kahalalide F; (b) IB-01212; (c) Lagunamides A; (d) Lagunamides B; and (e) Scopularides.

Figure 8

Structure of (a) Grifficyclocin B; (b) GG-8-6; (c) Dianthin A; (d) Dianthin B; (e) Dianthin C; (f) Dianthin D (g) Dianthin E; (h) Dianthin F; (i) Dianthin G; (j) Dianthin H; (k) Phakillestatin 6; (l) Analogs phakellistatin 6 (DLD-S); (m) Analogs phakellistatin 6 (LLD-S); (n) Leucamide; (o) Stylissatin A; (p) Stylissatin B; (q) Clavatustide A; (r) Clavatustide B; and (s) Clavatustide C.

Figure 9

Structure of (a) LYS2510924 (b) MCOG 1; (c) MCOG 2; (d) Keenamide; (e) Mollamide A; (f) Mollamide B; (g) Patellamide A; (h) Patellamide B; (i) Patellamide C; and (j) Vitilevuamide.

Figure 10

Structure of: (a) Theonellamide; (b) Stylopeptide 1; (c) Calyxamide A; (d) Calyzamide B; (e) Cupolamide; and (f) Beauvericin.

Figure 11

Structure of: (a) ALOS4; (b) Reniochalistatin A; (c) Reniochalistatin B; (d) Reniochalistatin C; (e) Reniochalistatin D; (f) Reniochalistatin E; and (g) Nocardiotide A.