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Observational Study
. 2022 Jul 18;14(14):2933.
doi: 10.3390/nu14142933.

Second-Trimester Constituents of the Metabolic Syndrome and Pregnancy Outcome: An Observational Cohort Study

Jonas Ellerbrock  1   2 , Esmee Hubers  3 , Chahinda Ghossein-Doha  1   4 , Veronique Schiffer  1   2 , Robert-Jan Alers  1   5 , Laura Jorissen  1   5 , Jolijn van Neer  5 , Maartje Zelis  2 , Emma Janssen  1   5 , Sabine Landewé-Cleuren  6 , Annemie van Haarlem  6 , Boris Kramer  7 , Marc Spaanderman  1   3   5
Affiliations
Observational Study

Second-Trimester Constituents of the Metabolic Syndrome and Pregnancy Outcome: An Observational Cohort Study

Jonas Ellerbrock et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women in later life. In the general population, metabolic syndrome (MetS) shows identical associations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between GDM, constituents of MetS and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Of 2041 pregnant women undergoing an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 22 and 30 weeks of gestation, data were collected to evaluate the constituents of MetS. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to determine the associations between MetS and pregnancy outcomes. Results: GDM and obesity did not affect the risk of fetal growth abnormalities (SGA/LGA), preterm birth or preeclampsia (PE). Hypertension significantly increased the risk of SGA (OR—1.59), PE (OR—3.14), and preterm birth <37 weeks (OR—2.17) and <34 weeks (OR—2.96) and reduced the occurrence of LGA (OR—0.46). Dyslipidemia increased the risk of PE (OR—2.25), while proteinuria increased the risk of PE (OR—12.64) and preterm birth (OR—4.72). Having ≥2 constituents increased the risk of PE and preterm birth. Conclusions: Constituents of metabolic syndrome, rather than treating impaired glucose handling, increased the risk of preeclampsia, altered fetal growth and preterm birth. Obesity was not related to adverse outcomes.

Keywords: dyslipidemia; gestational diabetes; hypertension; metabolic syndrome; obesity; preeclampsia; preterm birth.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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