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Review
. 2023 May;38(5):1449-1458.
doi: 10.1007/s00467-022-05689-w. Epub 2022 Jul 27.

Acute and chronic kidney complications in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Giulio Rivetti  1 , Brenden E Hursh  2 , Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice  1 , Pierluigi Marzuillo  3
Affiliations
Review

Acute and chronic kidney complications in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Giulio Rivetti et al. Pediatr Nephrol. 2023 May.

Abstract

Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have an increased risk of developing kidney involvement. Part of the risk establishes at the beginning of T1DM. In fact, up to 65% of children during T1DM onset may experience an acute kidney injury (AKI) which predisposes to the development of a later chronic kidney disease (CKD). The other part of the risk establishes during the following course of T1DM and could be related to a poor glycemic control and the subsequent development of diabetic kidney disease. In this review, we discuss the acute and chronic effects of T1DM on the kidneys, and the implications of these events on the long-term prognosis of kidney function.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Children; Chronic kidney disease; Diabetic kidney disease; Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Risk factors for development of diabetic kidney disease. The development of diabetic kidney disease is a dynamic process and is the result of cumulative kidney insults. Classically, non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors and progression factors can be identified. In addition, recent evidence indicates the importance of the potential kidney damage as consequence of the severity of T1DM onset
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The relationship between AKI, hypertension, diabetic kidney disease, and chronic kidney disease. AKI, while it can be totally reversible, may also lead to subclinical damage which predisposes to hypertension (HT), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). HT itself could determine progression toward DKD or CKD
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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