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. 2022 Jul 25;15(15):5158.
doi: 10.3390/ma15155158.

Assessment of Surface Treatment Degree of Steel Sheets in the Bonding Process

Anna Rudawska  1 , Izabela Miturska-Barańska  1 , Elżbieta Doluk  1 , Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska  2
Affiliations

Assessment of Surface Treatment Degree of Steel Sheets in the Bonding Process

Anna Rudawska et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to determine the influence of the surface treatment on the adhesive properties of steel sheet surfaces and the strength of the adhesive joints of steel sheets. The paper also aims to assess the degree of steel sheets' surface treatment in the bonding process. Due to the many methods of surface treatment and types of materials, the assessment of the surface treatment method is extremely important in adhesive processes. Two variants of the surface treatment were used: without a paint coating and with a paint coating, divided into two groups (without degreasing and with degreasing). Additionally, in the case of the analysis of the steel samples without the paint coating, mechanical treatment was applied. Two-component epoxy adhesive, prepared on the basis of bisphenol A and a polyamide curing agent, was used to prepare the single-lap adhesive joints of the steel sheets. The tests determined: (i) the adhesive properties of the steel sheets' surface based on the measurement of the contact angle of polar and apolar liquids (including wettability, work of adhesion, and surface free energy), (ii) surface roughness parameters (PN EN ISO 4287), and (iii) mechanical properties (load capacity and shear strength) of the steel sheets' adhesive joints (EN DIN 1465). Contact angle measurements of the steel sheet surfaces showed that the polar liquid better reflects the obtained strength results of the analyzed adhesive joints than the apolar liquid. Furthermore, better wettability of the surface of steel sheets with both polar and apolar liquids was obtained for samples whose surface was subjected to degreasing. It can also be concluded that the wettability of the surface can be used as one of the indicators of the degree of the surface treatment for the bonding process.

Keywords: adhesive joint; adhesive properties; shear strength; steel; surface roughness parameters; surface treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 2
Figure 2
Averaged values of the total (right and left) contact angle with water for individual surface treatment methods.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Averaged values of the total (right and left) contact angle with diiodomethane for individual surface treatment methods.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Shape and dimension of single-lap adhesive joints (theoretical dimensions in mm).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparison of the contact angle of the liquids used: (a) distilled water, (b) diiodomethane.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Work of adhesion with water, taking into account different methods of surface treatment.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Surface free energy and its components, taking into account different methods of surface treatment.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Vertical parameters: Rp, Rv, Rt and Rz of the surface roughness, obtained after applying a different method of surface treatment.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Amplitude parameters: Ra, Rsk and Rku of the surface roughness, obtained after applying a different method of surface treatment.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Average width of the grooves of the RSm profile elements, obtained after various surface treatment methods.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Load capacity of adhesive joints for various methods of surface treatment of the adherend.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Shear strength of adhesive joints for various methods of surface treatment of the adherend.
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