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. 2022 Jul 23;27(15):4721.
doi: 10.3390/molecules27154721.

Miniaturized Method for Chemical Oxygen Demand Determination Using the PhotoMetrix PRO Application

Lisandro von Mühlen  1   2 , Osmar D Prestes  2 , Marco F Ferrão  1 , Carla Sirtori  1
Affiliations

Miniaturized Method for Chemical Oxygen Demand Determination Using the PhotoMetrix PRO Application

Lisandro von Mühlen et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

The analysis of chemical oxygen demand (COD) plays an important role in measuring water pollution, but it normally has a high ecological price. Advances in image acquisition and processing techniques enable the use of mobile devices for analytical purposes. Here, the PhotoMetrix PRO application was used for image acquisition and multivariate analysis. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the results compared to the standard method, with no adverse effect of the volume reduction. The cost of analysis and waste generation were reduced by one third, while the analysis time was reduced by one fifth. The miniaturized method was successfully employed in the analysis of several matrices and for the evaluation of advanced oxidation processes. The AGREE score was improved by 25% due to miniaturization. For these reasons, the miniaturized PhotoMetrix PRO method is a suitable option for COD analysis, being less hazardous to the environment due to reductions in the chemicals used and in waste generation.

Keywords: AGREE score; PhotoMetrix PRO; chemical oxygen demand; environmental analysis; miniaturization; photo-Fenton; waste reduction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Results for COD analysis of spiked HWW during photo-Fenton treatment, using the miniaturized PhotoMetrix PRO method, at t = 0, t = 30, and t = 60 min.
Figure 2
Figure 2
AGREE score results for (A) the standard colorimetric method and (B) the miniaturized method.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Design of the apparatus used for the miniaturized analysis (A) and the apparatus in use during COD analysis (B).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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