Perioperative outcomes associated with general and spinal anesthesia after total joint arthroplasty for osteoarthritis: a large, Canadian, retrospective cohort study
- PMID: 35902103
- PMCID: PMC9343014
- DOI: 10.1503/cjs.008821
Perioperative outcomes associated with general and spinal anesthesia after total joint arthroplasty for osteoarthritis: a large, Canadian, retrospective cohort study
Abstract
Background: Compared with general anesthesia, spinal anesthesia has many benefits for patients undergoing total hip (THA) or total knee (TKA) arthroplasty, but few studies have explored rates of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to compare perioperative outcomes by anesthetic type for patients undergoing THA or TKA for osteoarthritis.
Methods: We identified patients who underwent primary THA or TKA from the affiliated institute's database. We calculated inpatient, 30-day, 60-day and 90-day mortality rates, as well as 90-day perioperative complications, readmissions and length of stay (LOS). We compared outcomes between groups using logistic regression and propensity-adjusted multivariate analysis.
Results: We included 6100 (52.2%) patients undergoing THA and 5580 (47.8%) undergoing TKA. We found no differences by anesthetic type in mortality rates up to 90 days after surgery. Patients under spinal anesthesia were less likely to need a blood transfusion (THA odds ratio [OR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60 to 0.92; TKA OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.67) and were more likely to be discharged home among those who underwent TKA (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.00). Patients who received spinal anesthesia for THA had a longer LOS (0.28 d, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.39), and patients who received spinal anesthesia for TKA had a shorter LOS than those who received general anesthesia (-0.34 d, 95% CI -0.51 to -0.18). Anesthetic type was not associated with any difference in adverse events.
Conclusion: These findings may inform decisions on anesthetic type for total joint arthroplasty, especially for rapid discharge protocols. Further research is needed to understand postoperative pain and functional outcomes between anesthetic types.
Contexte:: Comparée à l’anesthésie générale, la rachianesthésie présente de nombreux avantages pour les patients subissant une arthroplastie totale de la hanche (ATH) ou du genou (ATG), mais peu d’études se sont intéressées aux taux de morbidité et de mortalité. Nous avons cherché à comparer les résultats périopératoires par type d’anesthésie pour les patients subissant une ATH ou une ATG en raison de l’arthrose.
Méthodes:: Nous avons identifié des patients ayant subi une ATH ou une ATG primaire dans la base de données de l’institut affilié. Nous avons calculé les taux de mortalité des patients hospitalisés, à 30, 60 et 90 jours, ainsi que les complications périopératoires à 90 jours, les réadmissions et la durée de séjour. Nous avons comparé les résultats des différents groupes au moyen d’une analyse de régression logistique et d’une analyse multivariée adaptée au score de propension.
Résultats:: Notre étude comprenait 6100 (52,2 %) patients soumis à une ATH et 5580 (47,8 %) patients soumis à une ATG. Nous n’avons trouvé aucune différence dans les taux de mortalité en fonction du type d’anesthésie jusqu’à 90 jours après l’intervention. Les patients ayant subi la rachianesthésie étaient moins sujets à nécessiter une transfusion sanguine (ATH : rapport des cotes [RC] de 0,75, intervalle de confiance [IC] de 95 % 0,60 à 0,92; ATG : RC de 0,52, IC de 95 % 0,40 à 0,67) et plus sujets à obtenir leur sortie de l’hôpital parmi le groupe des ATG (RC de 1,61, IC de 95 % 1,30 à 2,00). Les patients ayant reçu la rachianesthésie pour l’ATH avaient un séjour de plus longue durée (0,28 j, IC de 95 %, 0,17 à 0,39) et les patients ayant reçu la rachianesthésie pour l’ATG avaient eu un séjour plus court que les patients ayant subi une anesthésie générale (−0,34 j, IC de 95 %, −0,51 à −0,18). Le type d’anesthésie n’était pas associé à une différence dans les événements indésirables.
Conclusion:: Ces résultats peuvent éclairer les décisions sur le type d’anesthésie à privilégier pour les arthroplasties totales, en particulier pour les protocoles de sortie rapide. D’autres recherches sont nécessaires pour comprendre la douleur postopératoire et les résultats fonctionnels propres aux différents types d’anesthésie.
© 2022 CMA Impact Inc. or its licensors.
Conflict of interest statement
Competing interest: Rajrishi Sharma reports consulting fees from Depuy Synthes, Zimmer Biomet, Stryker and OSI. No other competing interests were declared.
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