Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jul 28;12(7):e063426.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063426.

Multilevel analysis of quality of antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study

Wubshet Debebe Negash  1 , Samrawit Mihret Fetene  2 , Ever Siyoum Shewarega  3 , Elsa Awoke Fentie  3 , Desale Bihonegn Asmamaw  3 , Rediet Eristu Teklu  4 , Fantu Mamo Aragaw  4 , Daniel Gashaneh Belay  4   5 , Tewodros Getaneh Alemu  6 , Habitu Birhan Eshetu  7
Affiliations

Multilevel analysis of quality of antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study

Wubshet Debebe Negash et al. BMJ Open. .

Abstract

Objective: To determine the magnitude of quality of antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia.

Design: A community-based cross-sectional study.

Setting: Ethiopia.

Participants: A total of 4757 weighted sample of pregnant women from 18 January 2016 to 27 June 2016, were included for this analysis.

Outcome: Quality of antenatal care (ANC).

Methods: Our analysis was based on secondary data using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. The quality of ANC was measured when all six essential components, such as blood pressure measurements, blood tests, urine tests, nutrition counselling, birth preparation advice during pregnancy and information on potential complications, were provided. Stata V.14 software was used for analysis. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was fitted. Adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CIs was used to show the strength and direction of the association. Statistical significance was declared at a p value less than 0.05.

Results: The magnitude of quality of ANC in Ethiopia was 22.48% (95% CI: 21.31% to 23.69%). Educational status; primary (AOR=1.34; 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.68) and secondary (AOR=2.46; 95% CI: 1.76 to 3.45), middle (AOR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.72) and rich (AOR=2.08; 95% CI: 1.59 to 2.72) wealth status, being married (AOR=2.34; 95% CI: 1.08 to 5.10) and four or more ANC (AOR=2.01; 95% CI: 1.67 to 2.40) were statistically significant associated factors of quality ANC in Ethiopia.

Conclusions: This study found that nearly only one in five pregnant women received quality ANC during pregnancy. To improve the quality of ANC in Ethiopia, Ministry of Health and health facilities are needed to increase financial support strategies that enable pregnant women from poor households to use health services and enhance pregnant women's understanding of the significance of quality of ANC through health education. Additionally, Community health workers should also be placed on supporting unmarried pregnant women to have quality ANC.

Keywords: EPIDEMIOLOGY; Maternal medicine; Public health; Reproductive medicine.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

References

    1. Organization WH . Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2017: estimates by who, UNICEF, UNFPA. World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division 2019.
    1. Organization WH . The who application of ICD-10 to deaths during the perinatal period: ICD-PM, 2016. - PubMed
    1. Preparer TBP. Global health technical briefs. In: Focused antenatal care: a better, cheaper, faster, evidence-based approach, 2005.
    1. Sserwanja Q, Nabbuye R, Kawuki J. Dimensions of women empowerment on access to antenatal care in Uganda: a further analysis of the Uganda demographic health survey 2016. Int J Health Plann Manage 2022;37:1736–53. 10.1002/hpm.3439 - DOI - PubMed
    1. UNICEF . Healthy mothers, healthy babies—UNICEF data, 2019. Available: https://data.unicef.org/resources/healthymothers-healthy-babies/