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. 2022 Jul 30;12(1):13144.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16977-8.

Fabrication of polyamide-12/cement nanocomposite and its testing for different dyes removal from aqueous solution: characterization, adsorption, and regeneration studies

Saleh Ahmed Aldahash  1 , Prerna Higgins  2 , Shaziya Siddiqui  3 , Mohammad Kashif Uddin  4
Affiliations

Fabrication of polyamide-12/cement nanocomposite and its testing for different dyes removal from aqueous solution: characterization, adsorption, and regeneration studies

Saleh Ahmed Aldahash et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Polyamide-12/Portland cement nanocomposite was prepared by using the exfoliated adsorption method. The fabricated nanocomposite was applied first time to remove Congo red (CR), brilliant green (BG), methylene blue (MB), and methyl red (MR) from the synthetic wastewater. The polymer nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, elemental mapping, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The adsorption was rapid and all the studied dyes were absorbed on the surface of the polymer nanocomposite in 90 min. The point of zero charge was found at pH 5 and the factors such as pH, time, and temperature were found to affect the adsorption efficiency. Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order models well-fitted the adsorption isotherm and kinetics data, respectively. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity was 161.63, 148.54, 200.40, and 146.41 mg/g for CR, BG, MB, and MR, respectively. The mode of the adsorption process was endothermic, spontaneous, and physical involving electrostatic attraction. On an industrial scale, the high percentage of desorption and slow decrease in the percentage of adsorption after every five regeneration cycles confirm the potential, practicality, and durability of the nanocomposite as a promising and advanced adsorbent for decolorization of colored wastewater.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
BET adsorption–desorption isotherm (a) A plot of 1/[W(P/P0 − 1)] vs. (P/P0) (b).
Figure 2
Figure 2
SEM images of PA-12/PC nanocomposite (a–f), CR adsorbed PA-12/PC nanocomposite (g,h), BG adsorbed PA-12/PC nanocomposite (i,j), MB adsorbed PA-12/PC nanocomposite (k) and MR adsorbed PA-12/PC nanocomposite (l).
Figure 3
Figure 3
EDS images of PA-12/PC nanocomposite (a), CR adsorbed PA-12/PC nanocomposite (b), BG adsorbed PA-12/PC nanocomposite (c), MB adsorbed PA-12/PC nanocomposite (d) and MR adsorbed PA-12/PC nanocomposite (e).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Elemental mapping of PA-12/PC nanocomposite (a), CR adsorbed PA-12/PC nanocomposite (b), BG adsorbed PA-12/PC nanocomposite (c), MB adsorbed PA-12/PC nanocomposite (d) and MR adsorbed PA-12/PC nanocomposite (e).
Figure 5
Figure 5
FT-IR spectra of PA-12/PC before and after dyes adsorption.
Figure 6
Figure 6
XRD pattern of PA-12/PC nanocomposite (a), PA-12 powder (b) and PC (c).
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a,b) HRTEM of PA-12/PC nanocomposite.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effect of pH on CR, BG, MB and MR adsorption onto PA-12/PC nanocomposite (a) point of zero charge of PA-12/PC nanocomposite (b).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Adsorption mechanism of dyes adsorption on PA-12/PC nanocomposite.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Effect of time and concentration on CR adsorption (a), BG adsorption (b), MB adsorption (c) and MR adsorption (d).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Adsorption isotherm models: Langmuir (a), Freundlich (b).
Figure 12
Figure 12
Percentage desorption of dyes using various desorbing eluents.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Regeneration performance of PA-12/PC nanocomposite for the adsorption of CV (a) BG, (b) MB, (c) and MR (d).
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