Evaluation of Roholtiella sp. Extract on Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Yield and Quality in a Hydroponic Greenhouse System

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the impacts of cyanobacteria (Roholtiella sp.) high-value product extract (HVPE) and water resuspended biomass WRB treatments on bell pepper production using the hydroponic system under greenhouse conditions. Six cyanobacteria treatments (6 ml L^-1, 4 ml L^-1, and 2 ml L^-1 - HVPE, 6 ml L^-1, 4 ml L^-1, and 2 ml L^-1 - WRB, and TR0 as control) were evaluated using the foliar application method. The results showed that foliar application of HVPE with treatments of 2 ml L^-1, 4 ml L^-1, and 6 ml L^-1 produced significantly higher values of physical growth parameters of bell pepper (BP) plants (shoot length, the number of leaves, plant leaf length, plant leaf width, and the diameter of the shoot), SPAD index, yield components (the fruit length, fruit width, the number of fruit per plant, and fresh weight per fruit), biochemical composition [ascorbic acid, phenolic acid, and total soluble solids (TSS)], and the total yield compared to the control group TR0. Also, significant higher values of growth parameters (shoot length, the number of leaves, plant leaf length, plant leaf width, the diameter of the shoot), SPAD index, yield components (the fruit length, fruit width, the number of fruits per plant, and fresh weight per fruit), biochemical composition [ascorbic acid, phenolic acid, and total soluble solids (TSS)], and the total yield were obtained with foliar spraying WRB at 2 ml L^-1, 4 ml L^-1, and 6 ml L^-1 compared to the control group TR0. Consequently, the treated bell pepper with Roholtiella sp. HVPE and WRB were more efficient in enhancing production and chemical constituents compared with the control group.

Keywords: ascorbic acid; bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.); high-value product extract; hydroponic systems; phenolic compound; water resuspended biomass.

Figure 1

Plant height, number of leaves, length of leaf, the width of leaf, stem diameter, and spad index (A–F) of bell pepper untreated plants (Tr0), treated with 2 mL L⁻¹ (HVPE-1), 4 mL L⁻¹ (HVPE-2), 6 mL L⁻¹ (HVPE-3) of the HVPE. Additionally, with 2 mL L⁻¹ (WRB-1), 4 mL L⁻¹ (WRB-2), 6 mL L⁻¹ (WRB-3) of the WRB. Plant height (A), Number of leaves plant⁻¹ (B), Length of the leaf (C), Width of the leaf (D), Stem Diameter (E), SPAD Index (F).

Figure 2

Fruit length and width (diameter) (A,B) of bell pepper untreated plants (Tr0), treated with 2 mL L⁻¹ (HVPE-1), 4 mL L⁻¹ (HVPE-2), 6 mL L⁻¹ (HVPE-3) of the HVPE. Additionally, with 2 mL L⁻¹ ((WRB-1), 4 mL L⁻¹ (WRB-2), 6 mL L⁻¹ (WRB-3) of the WRB. Fruit Length (A) and Fruit Diameter (B).

Figure 3

The number of fruits plant-1, fresh weight of fruit plant-1, and the total yield (A–C) of bell pepper untreated plants (Tr0), treated with 2 mL L⁻¹ (HVPE-1), 4 mL L⁻¹ (HVPE-2), 6 mL L⁻¹ (HVPE-3) of the HVPE. Additionally, with 2 mL L⁻¹ (WRB-1), 4 mL L⁻¹ (WRB-2), 6 mL L⁻¹ (WRB-3) of the WRB. Number of fruit plant -1 (A); Fresh Weight (B), and Total yield (C).

Figure 4

Total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, and the total phenolic content (A–C) of bell pepper untreated plants (Tr0), treated with 2 mL L⁻¹ (HVPE-1), 4 mL L⁻¹ (HVPE-2), 6 mL L⁻¹ (HVPE-3) of the Roholtiella sp HVPE. Additionally, with 2 mL L⁻¹ (WRB-1), 4 mL L⁻¹ (WRB-2), 6 mL L-1 (WRB-3) of the Roholtiella sp WRB. Total Soluble Solid (A); Ascorbic Acid (B); Phenolic Content (C).