[Triple negative breast cancer: clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics]
- PMID: 35910055
- PMCID: PMC9288125
- DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.42.30.28464
[Triple negative breast cancer: clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very heterogeneous disease and refers to a subgroup of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical, pathological and molecular features of TNBC. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 56 cases of TNBC diagnosed in the Department of Pathology at the Farhat Hached University Hospital over a period of three years (2018-2020). The incidence of TNBC was 5.62% and the mean age of the patients was 50.36 years. The most frequent reason for consultation was the discovery of breast nodules (98.21%). The diagnosis of TNBC was confirmed in 24 cases (42.86%) based on the analysis of mastectomy specimens. Invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) was the most common histological type (47 cases; 82.5%). Mean tumor size was 35.5 mm. SBR grading was only specified in 42 cases (73.68%). Grade III was the most predominant type (78.6%, n = 33). The notion of lymph node metastasis was found in 44 reports and lymph node invasion was reported in 19 patients (43.2%). Immunohistochemical study showed that all patients were hormone receptor-negative (RO and RP) with no Her2 overexpression (n = 56; 100). This study results are generally in agreement with literature data. Despite recent molecular classifications, there is no clinically verified diagnostic test allowing for clear therapeutic standardization.
Le cancer du sein triple-négatif (CSTN) représente un sous-groupe de cancers du sein très hétérogène. L´objectif de notre étude était de détailler les caractéristiques anatomo-cliniques et moléculaires du CSTN et les comparer aux données de la littérature. Notre travail consistait en une étude rétrospective menée au service d´Anatomie et Cytologie pathologiques du CHU Farhat Hached de Sousse entre janvier 2018 et décembre 2020 ayant porté sur 56 cas de CSTN. Sur le plan épidémio-clinique, on a noté une incidence de 5,62% avec un âge moyen des patientes de 50,36 ans. La découverte d´un nodule du sein était le motif de consultation le plus fréquent (98,21%). Le diagnostic de CSTN était documenté dans 24 cas (42,86%) sur des pièces de mastectomie. Le type histologique le plus fréquent était le carcinome infiltrant de type non spécifique dans 47 cas soit 82,5 %. La taille tumorale moyenne était de 35,5 mm avec des extrêmes de 2 et 120 mm. Le grade SBR III était le plus prédominant dans notre étude (78,6%). Les tumeurs étaient classées T2 dans la majorité des cas (65,38%). Les ganglions régionaux ont été classés N0 chez la majorité des patientes (61,53%). Les analyses génomiques du CSTN ont permis d´adapter des conduites thérapeutiques d´une manière efficace. Toutefois, il n'y a pas encore un test diagnostique établi ou vérifié cliniquement pour la classification de CSTN et donc une standardisation d´une approche thérapeutique claire.
Keywords: Breast cancer; immunohistochemistry; molecular biology; triple-negative.
Copyright: Seifeddine Ben Hammouda et al.
Conflict of interest statement
Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d´intérêts.
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