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Review
. 2022 Jul 27;14(3):36917.
doi: 10.52965/001c.36917. eCollection 2022.

Spondylolisthesis

Nathan Li  1 , John Scofield  2 , Payton Mangham  2 , Joshua Cooper  2 , William Sherman  3 , Alan D Kaye  2
Affiliations
Review

Spondylolisthesis

Nathan Li et al. Orthop Rev (Pavia). .

Abstract

Spondylolisthesis refers to the anterior, lateral, or posterior slippage of a superior vertebral disc over the adjacent inferior disc, and is often separated into categories based on the causative etiology. Spondylolisthesis is often asymptomatic but may present with low back pain and neurogenic claudication which is worsened with spinal extension and activity. A detailed history and physical exam, along with appropriate imaging tests are useful in making the diagnosis. Conservative therapy is first-line and includes pain management with physical therapy. Patients who fail conservative therapy may consider surgical decompression, stabilization, and fusion. This review aims to discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment options of spondylolisthesis.

Keywords: Back pain; Spondylolisthesis; Spondylolysis; Vertebra.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors did not receive any funding or financial support or potential sources of conflict of interest. The study has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.

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