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Review
. 2022 Jul 15:9:965899.
doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.965899. eCollection 2022.

Aberrant branched-chain amino acid catabolism in cardiovascular diseases

Yixiao Xiong  1   2 , Ling Jiang  1   2 , Tao Li  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Aberrant branched-chain amino acid catabolism in cardiovascular diseases

Yixiao Xiong et al. Front Cardiovasc Med. .

Abstract

Globally, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. Research has focused on the metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids to improve the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. There are three types of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) required for protein homeostasis, energy balance, and signaling pathways. Increasing evidence has implicated BCAAs in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the biological origin, signal transduction pathways and function of BCAAs as well as their significance in cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial hypertrophy, heart failure, coronary artery disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia and hypertension.

Keywords: branched-chain amino acids; cardiovascular diseases; catabolism; coronary artery disease; heart failure.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Catabolism of branched-chain amino acids. TCA, Tricarboxylic acid cycle.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
BCAA-regulated signaling pathways. GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; RAG, RAS-related GTP-binding proteins; ROS, reactive oxygen species.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
BCAAs and cardiovascular diseases. Impaired BCAA metabolism leads to less BCAA translocation into the TCA, activating mTOR and GDH pathways and accumulating BCKAs and further leads to metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial damage and cellular autophagy. These processes are also involved in cellular inflammation, aging, obesity and diabetes mellitus, and further contribute to cardiovascular disease.
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