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. 2022 Jul 14:10:902252.
doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.902252. eCollection 2022.

Screening for an Underlying Tubulopathy in Children With Growth Failure, Simply Maths?

Caroline Becue  1 , Britt Ceuleers  1 , Marieke den Brinker  2   3 , Ines Somers  3 , Kristien J Ledeganck  2 , Hilde Dotremont  3 , Dominique Trouet  2   3
Affiliations

Screening for an Underlying Tubulopathy in Children With Growth Failure, Simply Maths?

Caroline Becue et al. Front Pediatr. .

Abstract

Background: Involving pediatric nephrological input in the clinical diagnostic work-up of children with short stature, gave rise to the hypothesis that the presence of an underlying renal tubular disorder in children with short stature is possibly underestimated. This study focussed on the added value of calculated urinary fractional excretion (FE) in the early detection of tubular disorders in children with growth failure.

Methods: This trial was designed as an observational study analyzing the medical files of children between 5 and 16 years who had been referred for short stature to the pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic at the University Hospital Antwerp between 25/01/2015 and 01/03/2019. Based on the laboratory results of the simultaneously taken blood and urine sample, the fractional excretions of Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium were calculated.

Results: Of the 299 patients, 54 patients had at least one deviating fractional excretion value, requiring further investigation (control sample of blood and urine, kidney ultrasound or 24 h urine collection). Genetic screening for tubulopathies was performed in 19 patients. In 5 patients (1.7% of the total population) a tubulopathy was confirmed based on genetic analysis.

Conclusion: This study explored the possibility of using fractional excretions as a screening test to obtain an earlier diagnosis of tubular disorders in children with short stature. Of the 299 patients, 5 patients were diagnosed with a genetically confirmed tubulopathy. Based on these results, we propose a flowchart for an additional work-up in all children with a deviating fractional excretion.

Keywords: children; genetic screening; short stature; tubulopathy; urinary fractional excretion of electrolytes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Grouped scatters of the fractional excretion by height z-scores. Normal fractional excretion values are displayed in black dots and abnormal fractional excretion values are displayed in white dots. FE, fractional excretion.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Flow chart.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Overview of the growth charts of patients with a proven tubulopathy. X-axis: the age in years and Y-axis: height in cm. The red arrow shows the time point the treatment with specific oral electrolyte supplementation was initiated.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Overview of the growth charts of patients without a proven tubulopathy but who did have a catch-up in growth after treatment. X-axis: the age in years and Y-axis: height in cm. The red arrow shows the time point the treatment with specific oral electrolyte supplementation was initiated.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Flow chart for failure to thrive.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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