Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Oct;90(1):88-105.
doi: 10.1111/prd.12451. Epub 2022 Aug 1.

Periodontitis and implant complications in diabetes

Luigi Nibali  1 , Nikolaos Gkranias  2 , Giuseppe Mainas  1 , Antonino Di Pino  3
Affiliations
Review

Periodontitis and implant complications in diabetes

Luigi Nibali et al. Periodontol 2000. 2022 Oct.

Abstract

Epidemiologic evidence indicates that periodontitis is more frequent in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus than in healthy controls, suggesting that it could be considered the "sixth complication" of diabetes. Actually, diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are two extraordinarily prevalent chronic diseases that share a number of comorbidities all converging toward an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Periodontal treatment has recently been shown to have the potential to improve the metabolic control of diabetes, although long-term studies are lacking. Uncontrolled diabetes also seems to affect the response to periodontal treatment, as well as the risk to develop peri-implant diseases. Mechanisms of associations between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease include the release of advanced glycation end products as a result of hyperglycemia and a range of shared predisposing factors of genetic, microbial, and lifestyle nature. This review discusses the evidence for the risk of periodontal and peri-implant disease in diabetic patients and the potential role of the dental professional in the diabetes-periodontal interface.

Keywords: diabetes; peri-implantitis; periodontitis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have stated explicitly that they have no conflicts of interest in connection with this article.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Schematic representation of relationships between type 2 diabetes and periodontitis. A combination of host genetic variants, microbiome, and lifestyle factors (some of them shared) seem to predispose to both conditions. Furthermore, a bidirectional association exists, with the presence of diabetes affecting periodontal disease and, in turn, periodontal disease affecting diabetes. AGE: advanced glycation end‐product; RAGE: receptor for advanced glycation end‐product
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Dahiya M, Bhandari B, Murray CJ, Marcenes W. Global burden of severe periodontitis in 1990‐2010: a systematic review and meta‐regression. J Dent Res. 2014;93(11):1045‐1053. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . National diabetes statistics report: estimates of diabetes and its burden in the United States. 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics‐report/index.html. Accessed April 14, 2022.
    1. Stødle IH, Verket A, Høvik H, Sen A, Koldsland OC. Prevalence of periodontitis based on the 2017 classification in a Norwegian population: the HUNT study. J Clin Periodontol. 2021;48(9):1189‐1199. - PubMed
    1. Kornman KS. Mapping the pathogenesis of periodontitis: a new look. J Periodontol. 2008;79(8 Suppl):1560‐1568. - PubMed
    1. Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1):S159‐s172. - PubMed

MeSH terms

Substances