Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Dec 1;206(11):1317-1325.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.202204-0671PP.

Definition and Nomenclature of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Time for Its Revision

Bartolome Celli  1 , Leonardo Fabbri  2 , Gerard Criner  3 , Fernando J Martinez  4 , David Mannino  5 , Claus Vogelmeier  6 , Maria Montes de Oca  7 , Alberto Papi  2 , Don D Sin  8 , MeiLan K Han  9 , Alvar Agusti  10
Affiliations

Definition and Nomenclature of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Time for Its Revision

Bartolome Celli et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results from an interaction between genetic predisposition of some individuals with different causative agents over time. It goes through a period (pre-COPD) where the operational threshold that is used to define airflow limitation has not been reached, but symptoms, structural abnormalities detectable with imaging, or functional dysfunction detectable with lung function testing may identify individuals at higher risk of COPD development. Finally, a full-blown spirometrically detectable phase is reached either at young (<50 yr) or older (⩾50 yr) age. AAT = alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; PRISM = preserved ratio impaired spirometry.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

References

    1. Posterior analytics II https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-metaphysics/#SubsDefi.
    1. Locke JE. 1997. Penguin Books.
    1. Scadding JG. Essentialism and nominalism in medicine: logic of diagnosis in disease terminology. Lancet . 1996;348:594–596. - PubMed
    1. Pearce JM. Disease, diagnosis or syndrome? Pract Neurol . 2011;11:91–97. - PubMed
    1. Livingstone-Banks J. The case for a meta-nosological investigation of pragmatic disease definition and classification. J Eval Clin Pract . 2018;24:1013–1018. - PubMed