Branching patterns of the vascularization and innervation of the primate forelimb
- PMID: 35915895
- DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21501
Branching patterns of the vascularization and innervation of the primate forelimb
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the branching patterns of the vascularization and innervation of the primate forelimb by performing detailed dissections of five unembalmed nonhuman primate specimens belonging to five different species, that is, rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), and bonobo (Pan paniscus). Results are compared with five embalmed human specimens (Homo sapiens), and anatomical data of previous studies on nonhuman primates are also included to provide a broader comparative framework. The results show that the overall configuration of the forelimb blood vessels and nerves of the different primate species is similar, although some apparent interspecific differences are found. In all nonhuman primates, in contrast to humans, the superficial vena basilica is absent. Moreover, in gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo, the superficial vena cephalica is confined to the forearm. In humans, both an arteria interossea anterior and posterior are present, while in nonhuman primates, only an arteria interossea anterior is present, which migrates to the posterior side at the level of the musculus pronator quadratus. For the innervation, the nervus (n.) medianus and n. ulnaris connect in the forearm of the gorilla and macaque. In the gibbon, the brachial plexus shows some differences in the branching pattern at the fasciculus level compared to the other primates. We conclude that the forelimb innervation branching pattern shows some minor differences between the nonhuman primate species, compared to higher plasticity in the vascularization. However, the exact functional implications of these differences still remain unclear. Therefore, more research on a broader range of primate species and sampling more specimens for each taxon are needed.
Keywords: apes; arm; blood vessels; monkeys; nerves.
© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
References
REFERENCES
-
- Aharinejad, S., Nourani, F., & Hollensteiner, H. (1997). Rare case of high origin of the ulnar artery from the brachial artery. Clinical Anatomy, 10(4), 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2353(1997)10:4<253::AID-CA7>3.0...
-
- Amoiridis, G., & Vlachonikolis, I. G. (2003). Verification of the median-to-ulnar and ulnar-to-median nerve motor fiber anastomosis in the forearm: An electrophysiological study. Clinical Neurophysiology, 114(1), 94-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(02)00328-0
-
- Aversi-Ferreira, R. A. G. M. F., de Abreu, T., Pfrimer, G. A., Silva, S. F., Ziermann, J. M., Carneiro-e-Silva, F. O., Tomaz, C., Tavares, M. C. H., Maior, R. S., & Aversi-Ferreira, T. A. (2013). Comparative anatomy of the hind limb vessels of the bearded capuchins (Sapajus libidinosus) with apes, baboons, and Cebus capucinus: With comments on the vessels’ role in bipedalism. BioMed Research International, 2013, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/737358
-
- Aversi-Ferreira, T. A., Freitas-Ferreira, E., & Aversi-Ferreira, R. A. G. M. F. (2021). Differences among the forelimb arteries in groups of primates and a mathematical model explanation. Journal of Medical Primatology, 50(1), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmp.12498
-
- Aversi-Ferreira, T. A., Freitas-Ferreira, E., Aversi-Ferreira, R. A. G. M. F., Cordeiro-De-Oliveira, K., Lopes-De-Freitas, G., Trevisan, K., Cavalcante, G. F., Vasconcelos-Da-Silva, E., Figueredo-Silva, S., Pereira, R. C., Couto, D. S., Rodrigues, R. C., & De Abreu, T. (2020). Comparative gross anatomy of the forelimb arteries of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) and a comparative pattern of forelimb arterial distribution in primates. BioMed Research International, 2020, 16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8635917
MeSH terms
Supplementary concepts
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Miscellaneous