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. 2022 Aug 2;12(1):13231.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17115-0.

National, sub-national, and risk-attributed burden of thyroid cancer in Iran from 1990 to 2019

Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy #  1 , Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam #  1 , Negar Rezaei  1   2 , Zahra Esfahani  1 , Nazila Rezaei  1 , Sina Azadnajafabad  1 , Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi  1 , Esmaeil Mohammadi  1 ; GBD 2019 Iran Thyroid Cancer Collaborators; Seyed Mohammad Tavangar  3 , Hamidreza Jamshidi  4 , Ali H Mokdad  5   6 , Mohsen Naghavi  5   6 , Farshad Farzadfar  1   2 , Bagher Larijani  7
Collaborators, Affiliations

National, sub-national, and risk-attributed burden of thyroid cancer in Iran from 1990 to 2019

Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

An updated exploration of the burden of thyroid cancer across a country is always required for making correct decisions. The objective of this study is to present the thyroid cancer burden and attributed burden to the high Body Mass Index (BMI) in Iran at national and sub-national levels from 1990 to 2019. The data was obtained from the GBD 2019 study estimates. To explain the pattern of changes in incidence from 1990 to 2019, decomposition analysis was conducted. Besides, the attribution of high BMI in the thyroid cancer DALYs and deaths were obtained. The age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer was 1.57 (95% UI: 1.33-1.86) in 1990 and increased 131% (53-191) until 2019. The age-standardized prevalence rate of thyroid cancer was 30.19 (18.75-34.55) in 2019 which increased 164% (77-246) from 11.44 (9.38-13.85) in 1990. In 2019, the death rate, and Disability-adjusted life years of thyroid cancer was 0.49 (0.36-0.53), and 13.16 (8.93-14.62), respectively. These numbers also increased since 1990. The DALYs and deaths attributable to high BMI was 1.91 (0.95-3.11) and 0.07 (0.04-0.11), respectively. The thyroid cancer burden and high BMI attributed burden has increased from 1990 to 2019 in Iran. This study and similar studies' results can be used for accurate resource allocation for efficient management and all potential risks' modification for thyroid cancer with a cost-conscious view.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Time trend of the age-standardized and all-ages incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs of thyroid cancer in Iran from 1990 to 2019 in by sex.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Thyroid cancer incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs by age groups in 1990 and 2019 by sex.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The age-standardized incidence and deaths of thyroid cancer in provinces of Iran (A: 1990, B: 2019), Republished from https://www.openstreetmap.org/ under a CC BY license, with permission from https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright, original copyright 2022.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The changes in the thyroid cancer age-standardized incidence and deaths from 1990 to 2019 in both sexes in provinces of Iran: red arrow indicates upward ranking, blue arrow indicates downward ranking, and green arrow indicates monotone ranking.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The thyroid cancer age-standardized DALYs attributed to high BMI in 1990 and 2019 in both sexes in provinces of Iran.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The thyroid cancer age-standardized incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs in provinces of Iran in 1990 and 2019 by SDI levels.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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