Susceptibility genes of hyperuricemia and gout

Abstract

Gout is a chronic metabolic disease that seriously affects human health. It is also a major challenge facing the world, which has brought a heavy burden to patients and society. Hyperuricemia (HUA) is the most important risk factor for gout. In recent years, with the improvement of living standards and the change of dietary habits, the incidence of gout in the world has increased dramatically, and gradually tends to be younger. An increasing number of studies have shown that gene mutations may play an important role in the development of HUA and gout. Therefore, we reviewed the existing literature and summarized the susceptibility genes and research status of HUA and gout, in order to provide reference for the early diagnosis, individualized treatment and the development of new targeted drugs of HUA and gout.

Keywords: Gout; Hyperuricemia; Serum uric acid; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Susceptibility gene.

Fig. 1

Uric acid metabolism diagram. The solid line represents one-step reaction and the dotted line represents multi-step reaction, the blue part is mainly found in most mammals except humans

Fig. 2

UA transport proteins on the membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells. In the red square frame are transport proteins involved in UA reabsorption. In the blue square frame are transport proteins involved in UA excretion