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. 2022 Jul 14:4:146-151.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.07.007. eCollection 2022 Sep.

Diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in Haiti before and after introduction of monovalent vaccine

Mentor Ali Ber Lucien  1 , Mathew D Esona  2 , Manise Pierre  3 , Gerard Joseph  1 , Chedelène Rivière  1 , Eyal Leshem  2 , Negar Aliabadi  2 , Anne Marie Desormeaux  4 , Jocelyn Andre-Alboth  1 , David L Fitter  4 , Yoran Grant-Greene  4 , Jacqueline Tate  2 , Jacques Boncy  1 , Roopal Patel  4 , Eleanor Burnett  2 , Stanley Juin  4 , Umesh D Parashar  2 , Michael D Bowen  2
Affiliations

Diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in Haiti before and after introduction of monovalent vaccine

Mentor Ali Ber Lucien et al. IJID Reg. .

Abstract

Background: Haiti introduced a monovalent human group A rotavirus (RVA) vaccine (Rotarix) into its routine infant immunization program in April 2014. The goal of the surveillance program was to characterize RVA strains circulating in Haiti before and after RVA vaccine introduction.

Methods: Stool samples were collected from children <5 years old presenting with acute gastroenteritis at 16 hospitals in Haiti. RVA antigen enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing was performed, and G and P genotypes were determined for positive specimens. In this study, genotype data for samples collected from May 2012 through April 2014 (the pre-vaccine introduction era) and May 2014 through July 2019 (post-vaccine introduction era) were analyzed.

Results: A total of 809 specimens were tested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. During the pre-vaccine introduction era (May 2012 through April 2014), G12P[8] was the predominant genotype, detected in 88-94% of specimens. There was a high prevalence of the equine-like G3P[8] genotype among Haitian children with RVA after vaccine introduction.

Conclusions: The predominance of equine-like G3P[8] in three of five RVA seasons post-vaccine introduction suggests possible vaccine-specific selection pressure in Haiti. These temporal variations in RVA genotype predominance will require continued monitoring in Haiti as the vaccination program continues.

Keywords: Haiti; Pre- and post-vaccination; RT-PCR; Rotavirus genotypes.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of sites involved in the surveillance project in Haiti in 2019.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Genotype prevalence by season. Mixed genotypes included G3G2P[4]/[8], G12G3P[6]/[8], G4G9P[8], and G12P[6]/[8]. The pre- and post-vaccination periods are indicated above the chart.
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