Clinical and molecular cytogenetic findings and pregnancy outcomes of fetuses with isochromosome Y

Abstract

Background: The mosaic forms and clinical phenotypes of fetuses with isochromosome Y are difficult to predict. Therefore, we summarized the cases of nine fetuses with isochromosome Y identified in prenatal diagnosis with a combination of molecular cytogenetic techniques, providing clinical evidence for prenatal genetic counseling.

Methods: The prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy outcomes of nine fetuses with isochromosome Y were obtained by a retrospective analysis. Isochromosome Y was identified prenatally by different approaches, such as conventional karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Results: Seven idic(Y) fetuses and two i(Y) fetuses were identified. One fetus was complete for i(Y)(p10), and the rest with 45,X had mosaic forms. A break and fusion locus was identified in Yp11.3 in one fetus, in Yq11.22 in six fetuses and in Yp10 in two fetuses. The CMA results suggested that different deletions and duplications were found on the Y chromosome. The deletion fragments ranged from 4.7 Mb to the entire Y chromosome, and the duplication fragments ranged from 10.4 to 18.0 Mb. QF-PCR analysis suggested that the AZF region was intact in one fetus, four fetuses had AZFb+c+d deletion, one fetus had AZFa+b+c+d deletion, and one fetus had AZFc+d deletion. Finally, four healthy male neonates were delivered successfully, but the parents of the remaining five fetuses, including three healthy and two unhealthy fetuses, chose to terminate their pregnancies.

Conclusion: The fetus and neonate phenotype of prenatally detected isochromosome Y usually is that of a normally developed male, ascertained in the absence of other indicators of a fetal structural anomaly. Our study provides clinical reference materials for risk assessment and permits better prenatally counseling and preparation of parents facing the birth of isochromosome Y fetuses.

Keywords: CMA; FISH; I(Y); Idic(Y); Isochromosome Y; Mosaicism; Prenatal diagnose; QF-PCR.

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of suggested mechanisms of origin of abnormal chromosomes of fetuses. Note: (1) or (4): mos 45,X/46,X,idic(Y) (fetus 2, 3, 4, 6 in AF cells). (3): 46,X,i(Y)(p10) (fetus 8 in AF cells). (1+2) or (4+6): mos 45,X/47,X,idic(Y)×2/46,X,idic(Y) (fetus 6 in cultured CB lymphocytes). (8+5+7): mos 45,X/46,X,idic(Y)/46,X,del(Y)/46,XY (fetus 5 in AF cells). (8+5+6+7): mos 45,X/46,X,idic(Y)/46,X,del(Y)/46,XY/47,X,idic(Y)×2. (Fetus 5 in cultured CB lymphocytes). (5+8+9+10): mos 45,X/46,X,i(Y)(p10)/46,X,del(Y)(q11)/46,XY (fetus 9 in AF cells).