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Review
. 2022 Jul 19:13:924004.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.924004. eCollection 2022.

Role of transcription factors in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection: A review

Xiangbin You  1   2 , Ying Lei  1   2 , Ping Zhang  1 , Dequan Xu  3 , Zulfiqar Ahmed  4 , Youbing Yang  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Role of transcription factors in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection: A review

Xiangbin You et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an infectious disease caused by the PRRS virus that leads to reproductive disorders and severe dyspnoea in pigs, which has serious economic impacts. One of the reasons PRRSV cannot be effectively controlled is that it has developed countermeasures against the host immune response, allowing it to survive and replicate for long periods. Transcription Factors acts as a bridge in the interactions between the host and PRRSV. PRRSV can create an environment conducive to PRRSV replication through transcription factors acting on miRNAs, inflammatory factors, and immune cells. Conversely, some transcription factors also inhibit PRRSV proliferation in the host. In this review, we systematically described how PRRSV uses host transcription factors such as SP1, CEBPB, STATs, and AP-1 to escape the host immune system. Determining the role of transcription factors in immune evasion and understanding the pathogenesis of PRRSV will help to develop new treatments for PRRSV.

Keywords: PRRSV; immune cell; immune evasion; miRNA; nuclear localization; phosphorylation; transcription factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The structure of the PRRSV genome, with different colored boxes representing different genes of the virus. The proteins translated by each gene of PRRSV. The genes without boxes below are transcription factors, which can bind/interact with structural proteins and non-structural proteins of PRRSV, thus affecting replication of PRRSV.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PRRSV escapes the host immune response through different strategies. First, the regulatory network of transcription factors/miRNAs promotes viral replication in vivo. Secondly, it acts on inflammatory factors, exacerbates inflammatory response. In addition, viral replication is promoted by nuclear localization and phosphorylation of transcription factors.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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