Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Nov;133(5):3030-3040.
doi: 10.1111/jam.15764. Epub 2022 Aug 10.

Identification of antibacterial metabolites produced by a marine bacterium Halobacillus marinus HMALI004

Sardar Ali  1 , Runlin Cai  1 , Hao Feng  1 , Jianmin Xie  1 , Yueling Zhang  1   2 , Hui Wang  1   2
Affiliations

Identification of antibacterial metabolites produced by a marine bacterium Halobacillus marinus HMALI004

Sardar Ali et al. J Appl Microbiol. 2022 Nov.

Abstract

Aims: This study examined and characterized the extract for metabolites of Halobacillus marinus HMALI004 to understand their antibacterial activities against opportunistic marine pathogens, that is, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae.

Methods and results: The bacterial strain HMALI004 was characterized as H. marinus, and an antibacterial spectral test revealed its inhibition against two opportunistic marine pathogens (V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholera). Fermentation broth of strain HMALI004 was subjected to column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography to separate antibacterial substances. Two compounds were successfully isolated and identified as 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance. The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid for V. parahaemolyticus were 25 μg/ml, while their MIC values for V. cholerae were 50 and 100 μg/ml, respectively. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of two pathogen strains treated with 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid were detected to investigate the antimicrobial mechanism. The results suggested that 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid exerted enhanced ROS production in V. parahaemolyticus, whereas 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid had a weaker effect. Both compounds caused a significant rise in ROS production in V. cholerae, causing severe damage to the cell wall and cytoplasm, leading to cell death.

Conclusions: The bacterium H. marinus HMALI004 was isolated from a shrimp pond and was found to produce antimicrobial compounds, which could inhibit the growth of opportunistic marine pathogens V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae by increasing ROS.

Significance and impact of the study: Successfully isolated antibacterial-producing strain, H. marinus HMALI004, and its antimicrobial compounds could be used as biological control agents for marine pathogens.

Keywords: Halobacillus; antibacterial activity; metabolites; pyrrole; reactive oxygen species.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

REFERENCES

    1. Ali, S., Xie, J., Chen, Y., Cai, R., Juventus, A.J., Hu, Z. et al. (2021) Penaeicolahalotolerans gen. Nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium of the family Cyclobacteriaceae isolated from a shrimp pond. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 71, 005047.
    1. Amin Yavari, S., Castenmiller, S.M., van Strijp, J.A. & Croes, M. (2020) Combating implant infections: shifting focus from bacteria to host. Advanced Materials, 32, 2002962.
    1. Arato, V., Raso, M.M., Gasperini, G., Berlanda Scorza, F. & Micoli, F. (2021) Prophylaxis and treatment against Klebsiella pneumoniae: current insights on this emerging anti-microbial resistant global threat. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22, 4042.
    1. Baker-Austin, C., Oliver, J.D., Alam, M., Ali, A., Waldor, M.K., Qadri, F. et al. (2018) Vibrio spp. infections. Nature Reviews. Disease Primers, 4, 1-19.
    1. Bhardwaj, V., Gumber, D., Abbot, V., Dhiman, S. & Sharma, P. (2015) Pyrrole: a resourceful small molecule in key medicinal hetero-aromatics. RSC Advances, 5, 15233-15266.

MeSH terms