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Review
. 2022 Aug 8;27(1):145.
doi: 10.1186/s40001-022-00770-4.

The role and mechanism of TXNDC5 in diseases

Xueling Wang  1 , Haoran Li  2 , Xiaotian Chang  3
Affiliations
Review

The role and mechanism of TXNDC5 in diseases

Xueling Wang et al. Eur J Med Res. .

Abstract

Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 (TXNDC5) is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family. It can promote the formation and rearrangement of disulfide bonds, ensuring proper protein folding. TXNDC5 has three Trx-like domains, which can act independently to introduce disulfide bonds rapidly and disorderly. TXNDC5 is abnormally expressed in various diseases, such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), etc. It can protect cells from oxidative stress, promote cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis and promote the progression of disease. Aberrant expression of TXNDC5 in different diseases suggests its role in disease diagnosis. In addition, targeting TXNDC5 in the treatment of diseases has shown promising application prospects. This article reviews the structure and function of TXNDC5 as well as its role and mechanism in cancer, RA and other diseases.

Keywords: Cancer; Diseases; Rheumatoid arthritis (RA); Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 (TXNDC5).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Scheme showing archetypal PDI and TXNDC5 domains and the role of TXNDC5 in diseases. Compared with the archetypal PDI domain (a), TXNDC5 has three a domains and no b domains (b); c: three TrX-like domains of TXNDC5 and their substrate binding sites; TXNDC5can be used as disease diagnostic biomarker (d) and treatment target (e). The surrounding text indicates the acting substrate or signal pathway. CC cervical cancer, ccRCC clear cell renal cell carcinoma, CRC colorectal cancer; CRPC castration-resistant prostate cancer, CTLC cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, GC gastric cancer, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, HL hepatic Lipidosis, hMF human myocardial fibrosis, LC lung cancer, PF pulmonary fibrosis, LSCC laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, PC pancreatic cancer, RA rheumatoid arthritis, RCC renal cell carcinoma, RF renal fibrosis, RRMM refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma;
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Role of TXNDC5 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). TXNDC5 regulates RA progression, such as fibroblast proliferation and migration, inflammation, cartilage destruction and angiogenesis
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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