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. 2023 Nov 5;33(11):547-555.
doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20220045. Epub 2023 Apr 28.

Interaction of Dietary Sodium-to-potassium Ratio and Dinner Energy Ratio on Prevalence of Hypertension in Inner Mongolia, China

Huiqiu Zheng  1 , Yanling Wang  1 , Bo Yang  2 , Jing Wu  3 , Yonggang Qian  4 , Wenrui Wang  4 , Xuemei Wang  1
Affiliations

Interaction of Dietary Sodium-to-potassium Ratio and Dinner Energy Ratio on Prevalence of Hypertension in Inner Mongolia, China

Huiqiu Zheng et al. J Epidemiol. .

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases, and dietary factors play an important role in hypertension. We examined the interaction of dietary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio and dinner energy ratio on hypertension.

Methods: We conducted this study using data from the cross-sectional National Survey for Nutrition and Adult Chronic Disease in 2015 in Inner Mongolia, China. Dietary data were collected using 24-hour diet records with food weights across 3 consecutive days. Logistic regression was used to determine the interaction of dinner energy ratio and dietary Na/K ratio on hypertension.

Results: A total of 1,861 participants were included in this study, and 914 individuals were hypertensive (49.1%). Dinner energy ratio and high dietary Na/K ratio were independently related to high prevalence of hypertension. A formal test showed that dinner energy ratio interacted significantly with dietary Na/K ratio on hypertension (P < 0.001), with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.119 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.040-1.203). Participants whose dinner energy ratio greater than 39.1% and dietary Na/K ratio of 3.625-6.053 had the highest OR of hypertension prevalence, with an adjusted OR of 2.984 (95% CI, 1.758-5.066), compared with participants with dinner energy ratio of 30.2-39.1%, and dietary Na/K ratio less than 2.348.

Conclusion: Our study highlighted the interactive effect of dinner energy ratio and dietary Na/K ratio on hypertension among adults in Inner Mongolia. We advocated a balanced diet (dinner energy ratio not small or large) and a low dietary Na/K ratio for reducing the prevalence of hypertension.

Keywords: dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio; dinner energy ratio; hypertension; interaction.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: None declared.

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