Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Aug 2:10:e13623.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.13623. eCollection 2022.

Phytotoxic effects of Acacia saligna dry leachates on germination, seedling growth, photosynthetic performance, and gene expression of economically important crops

Haifa Abdulaziz Sakit ALHaithloul  1 , Muhammad Ishfaq Khan  2 , Arafa Musa  3   4 , Mohammed M Ghoneim  4   5 , Ayshah Aysh ALrashidi  6 , Imtiaz Khan  2 , Ehab Azab  7 , Adil A Gobouri  8 , Mahmoud R Sofy  9 , Mohamed El-Sherbiny  10   11 , Mona H Soliman  12   13
Affiliations

Phytotoxic effects of Acacia saligna dry leachates on germination, seedling growth, photosynthetic performance, and gene expression of economically important crops

Haifa Abdulaziz Sakit ALHaithloul et al. PeerJ. .

Abstract

The influence of dry leachates of Acasia saligna was tested on the seedling growth, photosynthesis, biochemical attributes, and gene expression of the economically important crops, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and arugula (Eruca sativa L.). Different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) of stem extract (SE) and leaf extract (LE) of A. saligna were prepared, and seedlings were allowed to grow in Petri plates for 8 days. The results showed that all plant species exhibited reduced germination rate, plant height, and fresh and dry weight due to leachates extracts of A. saligna. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), exhibited differential regulation due to the extract treatment. The SOD was increased with increasing the concentration of extracts, while CAT and APX activities were decreased with increasing the extract concentrations. In addition, leachate extract treatment decrease chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, PSII activity, and water use efficiency, with evident effects at their higher concentrations. Furthermore, the content of proline, sugars, protein, total phenols, and flavonoids were reduced considerably due to leachates extract treatments. Furthermore, seedlings treated with high concentrations of LE increased the expression of genes. The present results lead to the conclusion that A. saligna contains significant allelochemicals that interfere with the growth and development of the tested crop species and reduced the crops biomass and negatively affected other related parameters. However, further studies are suggested to determine the isolation and purification of the active compounds present in A. saligna extracts.

Keywords: Acacia saligna; Allelopathy; Allelopathy/phytotoxicity; Gene expression; Osmolytes; Secondary metabolism.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Effect of A. Saligna stem extracts (SE) and leaf extracts (LE).
(A) germination percentage and (B) mean germination index in wheat, barley, radish, and arugula plant. Data is mean (±SE) of three replicates, and different lowercase letters denote significant difference at P < 0.05. T1: control, T2: 5% SE, T3: 10% SE, T4: 15% SE, T5: 20% SE, T6: 25% SE, T7: 5% LE, T8: 10% LE, T9: 15% LE, T10: 20% LE, T11: 25% LE.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Effect of A. Saligna stem extracts (SE) and leaf extracts (LE) on (A) plant height, (B) fresh and (C) dry weight in wheat, barley, radish, and arugula plant.
Data is mean (±SE) of three replicates, and different lowercase letters denote significant difference at P < 0.05. T1: control, T2: 5% SE, T3: 10% SE, T4: 15% SE, T5: 20% SE, T6: 25% SE, T7: 5% LE, T8: 10% LE, T9: 15% LE, T10: 20% LE, T11: 25% LE.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Effect of A. Saligna stem extracts (SE) and leaf extracts (LE) on (A) total chlorophyll, (B) net photosynthesis, (C) Fv/Fm, and (D) water use efficiency (WUE) in wheat, barley, radish, and arugula plant.
Data is mean (±SE) of three replicates, and different lowercase letters denote significant difference at P < 0.05. T1: control, T2: 5% SE, T3: 10% SE, T4: 15% SE, T5: 20% SE, T6: 25% SE, T7: 5% LE, T8: 10% LE, T9: 15% LE, T10: 20% LE, T11: 25% LE.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Effect of A. Saligna stem extracts (SE) and leaf extracts (LE) (A) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), (B) lipid peroxidation, and (C) electrolyte leakage in wheat, barley, radish, and arugula plant.
Data is mean (±SE) of three replicates, and different lowercase letters denote significant difference at P < 0.05. T1: control, T2: 5% SE, T3: 10% SE, T4: 15% SE, T5: 20% SE, T6: 25% SE, T7: 5% LE, T8: 10% LE, T9: 15% LE, T10: 20% LE, T11: 25% LE.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Effect of A. Saligna stem extracts (SE) and leaf extracts (LE) on (A) proline, (B) total soluble sugar, (C) total phenols, and (D) total flavonoids in wheat, barley, radish, and arugula plant.
Data is mean (±SE) of three replicates, and different lowercase letters denote significant difference at P < 0.05. T1: control, T2: 5% SE, T3: 10% SE, T4: 15% SE, T5: 20% SE, T6: 25% SE, T7: 5% LE, T8: 10% LE, T9: 15% LE, T10: 20% LE, T11: 25% LE.
Figure 6
Figure 6. Effect of A. Saligna stem extracts (SE) and leaf extracts (LE) on (A) total protein content and activity of (B) SOD, (C) CAT, and (D) APX in wheat, barley, radish, and arugula plant.
Data is mean (±SE) of three replicates, and different lowercase letters denote significant difference at P < 0.05. T1: control, T2: 5% SE, T3: 10% SE, T4: 15% SE, T5: 20% SE, T6: 25% SE, T7: 5% LE, T8: 10% LE, T9: 15% LE, T10: 20% LE, T11: 25% LE.
Figure 7
Figure 7. Effect of A. Saligna leaf extracts (25%) on the expression of (A) CYP72A, (B) CYP81A, and (C) GST in wheat, barley, radish, and arugula plant.
Data is mean (±SE) of three replicates, and different lowercase letters denote significant difference at P < 0.05.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Abdelmigid HM, Morsi MM. Cytotoxic and molecular impacts of allelopathic effects of leaf residues of Eucalyptus globulus on soybean (Glycine max) Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 2017;15:297–302. doi: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.08.005. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Abdel Maksoud MIA, Mohamad B, Dina ME, Sofy AR, Sofy MR. Gamma radiation-induced synthesis of a novel chitosan/silver/Mn-Mg ferrite nanocomposite and its impact on cadmium accumulation and translocation in brassica plant growth. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2022;194(1):306–316. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.197. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Abou El-Ghit HM. Physiological allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of cucumber, carrot, onion, and garlic seeds on germination and growth of Pea. Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences. 2016;4:13–19.
    1. Abu-Shahba MS, Mansour MM, Mohamed HI, Sofy MR. Effect of biosorptive removal of cadmium ions from hydroponic solution containing indigenous garlic peel and mercerized garlic peel on lettuce productivity. Scientia Horticulturae. 2022;293(5):110727. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110727. - DOI
    1. Agha MS, Abbas MA, Sofy MR, Haroun SA, Mowafy AM. Dual inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter alleviates the adverse effect of salinity on Glycine max seedling. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 2021;49(3):12461. doi: 10.15835/nbha49312461. - DOI

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources