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. 2023 Jan;32(1):139-149.
doi: 10.1007/s11136-022-03208-w. Epub 2022 Aug 8.

One-year follow-up of depression, anxiety, and quality of life of Peruvian patients who survived COVID-19

Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria  1   2 , Christoper A Alarcon-Ruiz  3 , William Barzola-Farfán  4 , Claudia Cruzalegui-Bazán  4 , Michaell Cabrejos-Espinoza  4 , Gabriela Aspilcueta-Montoya  4 , Feleydi Cornero-Quispe  4 , Javier Salazar-Bellido  4 , Beltrán Villarreal  1   5
Affiliations

One-year follow-up of depression, anxiety, and quality of life of Peruvian patients who survived COVID-19

Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria et al. Qual Life Res. 2023 Jan.

Abstract

Purpose: To assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its associated factors in patients who survived COVID-19 and to assess a prospective evaluation of the prevalence and severity of their depression and anxiety symptoms.

Methods: We followed up a sample of hospitalized patients who survived COVID-19 at 3 and 12 months after discharge. We assessed HRQoL (Euroqol-5D-5L) through telephone interviews. Any problem in any dimension of Euroqol-5D-5L was considered as low HRQoL. The depression and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 tools, respectively. We estimated the adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) to low HRQoL using Poisson regression and the changes on their depression and anxiety symptoms during the follow-up.

Results: We included 119 patients with a mean follow-up time of 363.6 days. 74% of the participants had low HRQoL at one year after hospital discharge and were associated with being ≥ 41 years old (aPR: 1.95), having a previous history of psychiatric diagnoses before COVID-19 infection (aPR: 1.47), having any COVID-19 symptom during the follow-up at one year (aPR: 1.84), and having a family member who had died from COVID-19 during the first wave (aPR: 1.24). In addition, the clinically relevant depression symptoms were frequent, and they increased from 3 (14.3%) to 12 months (18.5%).

Conclusion: One year after COVID-19 hospitalization discharge, patients had low HRQoL, and their depression symptoms increased. These findings acknowledge the need to provide services that adequately address mental health sequels and HRQoL to reduce the burden of the COVID-19.

Keywords: Anxiety; COVID-19; Depression; Peru; Quality of life.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Changes in the intensity of depression (A) and anxiety (B) symptoms from 3-month follow-up (T1) to 1 year (T2). In Blue: Changes to normal or mild depression and anxiety symptoms at T2. In Red: Changes to moderate, moderate-severe, or severe depression and anxiety symptoms at T2
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