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. 2022 Sep;29(9):103385.
doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103385. Epub 2022 Jul 25.

Physiological, biochemical and molecular evaluation of mungbean genotypes for agronomical yield under drought and salinity stresses in the presence of humic acid

Hameed Alsamadany  1
Affiliations

Physiological, biochemical and molecular evaluation of mungbean genotypes for agronomical yield under drought and salinity stresses in the presence of humic acid

Hameed Alsamadany. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 Sep.

Abstract

Drought and salinity are potential threats in arid and semi arid regions. The current study was conducted with objective to optimize the production of different exotic genotypes of mungbean (NM-121-25, Chakwal M-6, DM-3 and PRI-Mung-2018) under drought and salinity stresses using humic acid in field experiments. One year tri-replicate field experiment was performed in RCBD using three factorial arrangement and effects of humic acid (60 kg ha-1) were evaluated at physiological, biochemical, molecular and agronomical level under individual and integrated applications of drought (no irrigation till 15 days) and salinity (EC 6.4 dSM-1). Data for physiological parameters (total chlorophyll, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and membrane damage), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase) and proline were collected on weekly basis since after the initiation of drought and salinity stresses. However data for agronomic characteristics (plant height, branches plant-1, LAI, pods plant-1, pod length and hundred seed weight) and grain carbohydrate content were collected after harvesting, while sampling for drought (VrDREB2A, VrbZIP17 and VrHsfA6a) and salinity (VrWRKY73, VrUBC1 and VrNHX1) related genes expression study was done after plants attained seedling stage. Under both individual and integrated applications of drought and salinity, all genotypes showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in all traits excluding Cell membrane damage and proline during humic acid application. Likewise, genes expression revealed statistically distinct (p ≤ 0.05) up-regulation under humic acid treatment as compared to no humic acid treatment during both individual and integrated applications of drought and salinity. The genotype PRI-Mung-2018 recorded noteworthy performance during study. Moreover correlation and PCA analysis revealed that ultimate agronomical yield due to humic acid is an outcome of interconnection of physiological and biochemical parameters.

Keywords: Antioxidant; BPP, branches per plant; Biochemical; CAT, catalase; Drought; GCC, Grain carbohydrate content; Gene expression; Gs, stomatal conductance; HA0, the presence HA of humic acid; HSW, hundred seed weight; LAI, leaf area index; MD, membrane damage; PH, plant height; PL, pod length; POD, peroxidase; PPP, pods per plant; Physiological; Pn, photosynthesis rate; Proline; RCBD, randomized complete block design; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase; Salinity; Tr, transpiration rate.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Effect of individual and integrated treatments of drought and salinity on physiological characteristics of mungbean genotypes due to presence (HA) and absence (HA0) of humic acid.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Effect of individual and integrated treatments of drought and salinity on biochemical parameters of mungbean genotypes due to presence (HA) and absence (HA0) of humic acid.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Effect of individual and integrated treatments of drought and salinity on agronomical traits of mungbean genotypes due to presence (HA) and absence (HA0) of humic acid.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
PCA scattered plot graph representing physiological, biochemical and agronomical parameters clustered on the basis of similarity and dissimilarity due to mungbean cultivars.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
PCA scattered plot graph representing physiological, biochemical and agronomical parameters clustered on the basis of similarity and dissimilarity due to individual and integrated drought and salinity treatments.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
PCA scattered plot graph representing physiological, biochemical and agronomical parameters clustered on the basis of similarity and dissimilarity due to presence (HA) and absence (HA0) of humic acid.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Graphical description of multiple factor analysis indicating the effects of humic acid conditions (HA0, absence; HA, presence), drought and salinity treatments (D, drought; S, salinity; D + S, drought + salinity) on mungbean genotypes.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Cluster dendrogram heatmap indicating the responses of physiological, biochemical and agronomical traits to mungbean genotypes at individual and integrated treatments of drought and salinity stresses under absence (HA0) and presence (HA) of humic acid.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Relative expression of salinity (VrWRKY73, VrUBC1 and VrNHX1) and drought (VrDREB2A, VrbZIP17 and VrHsfA6a) related genes in different mungbean genotypes under absence (HA0) and presence of humic acid (HA) during individual and integrated application of drought stress. V1, NM-121-25; V2, Chakwal M-6; V3, DM-3; V4, PRI-mung-2018.
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