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Review
. 2022 Jul 20;8(8):e10013.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10013. eCollection 2022 Aug.

Na ion batteries: An India centric review

Yogesh Singh  1   2 , Rahul Parmar  3 , Mamta  1   2 , Sanju Rani  1   2 , Manoj Kumar  1   2 , Kamlesh Kumar Maurya  1   2 , Vidya Nand Singh  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Na ion batteries: An India centric review

Yogesh Singh et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Developing low-cost and safe energy storage devices is the primary goal of every country to make a carbon-neutral atmosphere by ∼2050. Batteries and supercapacitors are the backbones of future sustainable energy sources for electrical vehicles (EVs), smart electronic devices, electricity supply to off-grid regions, etc. Hence, these battery-dependent devices are substantially gaining the market. Although lithium-ion batteries account for powering most of these devices, lithium availability and price pose a severe problem since lithium resources are not abundant in nature. Thus, alternative research on sodium-ion or other multi-charged cations (Al3+/Mg2+/Ca2+/K+) based energy storage devices is needed to substitute lithium-ion batteries. India and many other countries have sodium in abundance. Sodium also has potential in designing and developing efficient charge storage devices. This review article discusses the status of sodium-ion battery research activities, cost, market analysis, and future strategies of the Indian government or private bodies, industries, and research institutes of India.

Keywords: Cost analysis; Future of renewable energy; India; Sodium-ion batteries.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The overall demands (USD in billions) of Na ion battery MARKET by its application area year-wise (reprinted with permission from Ref. [25]).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic visualization of working principle and mechanism of Na-ion battery (NIB), reused with the permission [26].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic showing the reaction mechanism of c-Na3PS4 formation for Na–S battery (reprinted with permission from Ref. [84].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic representation of NIB with a photopolymer electrolyte (reprinted with permission from Ref. [21]).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Raw material costs of Na2CO3 and Li2CO3 (a) and cost of electrolyte, and cathode materials, respectively (b). The cost analysis and price conversion have been done accoring to year 2020–21.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Critical areas for potential application of NIBs.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Number of the research articles published on the Na ion battery and year-wise in India (source-SCOPUS). Keywords used are “NIB,” “sodium-ion battery” “India,” and “Na ion battery.”
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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