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. 2022 Aug 9;22(1):365.
doi: 10.1186/s12872-022-02800-9.

Cardio-ankle vascular index is more closely associated than brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity with arterial damage and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes

Taro Saigusa  1 , Kentaro Watanabe  2   3 , Yurika Hada  4 , Kota Ishii  4 , Wataru Kameda  4 , Shinji Susa  4 , Kenichi Ishizawa  4 , Hisamitsu Ishihara  1
Affiliations

Cardio-ankle vascular index is more closely associated than brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity with arterial damage and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes

Taro Saigusa et al. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. .

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to compare the usefulness of arterial stiffness parameters, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), for evaluating arterial damage and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in subjects with diabetes.

Methods: The study subjects were 277 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. All subjects were evaluated for vascular stiffness using CAVI (n = 154) or baPWV (n = 123). Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and the Suita score were also measured because these are established risk factors for future CVD. Associations of both CAVI and baPWV with these established parameters were evaluated in all subjects, and then in 174 subjects with adjustment for covariates by using propensity score matching.

Results: In all subjects, CAVI and baPWV correlated significantly with both IMT (r = 0.462, P < 0.001, and r = 0.212, P = 0.019, respectively) and the Suita score (r = 0.573, P < 0.001, and r = 0.373, P < 0.001, respectively). The correlation between CAVI and IMT was more significant than that between baPWV and IMT (Z = 2.33, P = 0.020). Similarly, the correlation between CAVI and the Suita score was more significant than that between baPWV and the Suita score (Z = 2.13, P = 0.033). After adjustment by propensity score matching, significant correlations between CAVI and IMT (r = 0.432 P < 0.001) and between CAVI and the Suita score (r = 0.544, P < 0.001) were preserved, though only the association between baPWV and the Suita score was significant (r = 0.289, P = 0.007) while that between baPWV and IMT showed no significance. Again, CAVI showed a significant association with the Suita score than baPWV (Z = 2.02, P = 0.043).

Conclusions: CAVI is more closely associated than baPWV with arterial damage and risk of CVD in patients with diabetes.

Keywords: Arterial damage; Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; Cardio-ankle vascular index; Risk of cardiovascular disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The distributions of Suita score in subjects before and after adjustment by propensity score matching. A subjects measured CAVI before adjustment by propensity score matching, B subjects measured baPWV before adjustment by propensity score matching, C subjects measured CAVI after adjustment by propensity score matching, D subjects measured baPWV after adjustment by propensity score matching. CAVI; cardio-ankle vascular index, baPWV; brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Correlations of CAVI and baPWV with IMT and the Suita score before adjustment by propensity score matching. A CAVI and IMT, B CAVI and Suita score, C baPWV and IMT, D baPWV and Suita score. CAVI; cardio-ankle vascular index, baPWV; brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, IMT; intima-media thickness
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Correlations of CAVI and baPWV with IMT and the Suita score after adjustment by propensity score matching. A CAVI and IMT, B CAVI and Suita score, C baPWV and IMT, D: baPWV and Suita score. CAVI; cardio-ankle vascular index, baPWV; brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, IMT; intima-media thickness
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Mean IMT of groups in combination high or low CAVI or baPWV groups with high or low the Suita score after adjustment by propensity score matching. A combination CAVI with the Suita score, B combination baPWV with the Suita score. CAVI; cardio-ankle vascular index, baPWV; brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, IMT; intima-media thickness. **P < 0.01 vs group with low CAVI and low Suita score
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