Which combination of different ultrasonography modalities is more appropriate to diagnose breast cancer?: A network meta-analysis (a PRISMA-compliant article)

Abstract

Background: Abundant amount of literature that analyze the various detection of different ultrasound methods, no comprehensive literature that investigates the diagnostic values of breast cancer (BC) by different ultrasonography modalities through a network meta-analysis (NMA) has been made available. Each imaging diagnostic examination has its own advantages and disadvantages, and any imaging examination is not enough to make an accurate diagnosis of the disease. Thus, this study aimed to compare diagnostic values among different ultrasonography modalities, including the information of 2-dimension, stiffness and blood flow, by a network meta-analysis in the hopes of understanding which imaging methods are better and which combination of different ultrasonography modalities is more appropriate to diagnose BC.

Methods: We made use of Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase in order to obtain literature and papers. The combination analysis of both direct and indirect evidence in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value(NPV) and accuracy was conducted so as to assess the odds ratios (ORs) and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values of the 8 different ultrasound methods.

Results: A total of 36 eligible diagnostic tests regarding 8 ultrasound methods were included in the study. According to this network meta-analysis, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4b exhibited higher specificity, PPV, and accuracy and lower sensitivity and NPV than BI-RADS 4a. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) had the highest sensitivity, PPV, NPV and accuracy and superb microvascular imaging (SMI) had the highest specificity among color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), power Doppler imaging(PDI), SMI and CEUS. There was no significant difference in diagnostic indexes between SMI and CEUS. Shear wave elastrography (SWE) had higher PPV and accuracy and lower sensitivity, specificity NPV than strain elastography (SE).

Conclusion: The results of this network meta-analysis suggested more appropriate combination of different ultrasound modalities is BI-RADS 4b, SMI, and SWE for the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Figure 1.

Flow chart of literature search and study selection. 36 studies were included in this net meta-analysis.

Figure 2.

Evidence network plot of diagnostic value of 8 ultrasound modalities for BC.

Figure 3.

Forest plots of diagnostic value of 8 ultrasound modalities for BC.

Figure 4.

Comparison-adjusted funnel plot for diagnostic value of 8 ultrasound modalities for BC. A = SWE; B = SE; C = CDFI; D = PDI; E = CEUS; F = SMI; G = BI-RADS 4a; H = BI-RADS 4b.