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. 2022 Dec 31;13(1):156-170.
doi: 10.1080/21645698.2022.2107385.

Individual and combined effects of land use and weeds on Cry1Ab/c protein expression and yield of transgenic cry1Ab/c rice

Jianmei Fu  1   2   3 , Biao Liu  1   3
Affiliations

Individual and combined effects of land use and weeds on Cry1Ab/c protein expression and yield of transgenic cry1Ab/c rice

Jianmei Fu et al. GM Crops Food. .

Abstract

Considering the anticipated commercial exploitation of insect-resistant transgenic rice and that the planting area of cultivated rice overlaps with wild rice, simulating an escape of transgenic rice from farmlands and exploring its fitness after entering semi-natural or natural ecosystems through uncontrolled seed dispersal or gene flow are critical to understand the resulting potential long-term environmental risks. The expression of foreign Cry1Ab/c protein and vegetative and reproductive fitness of insect-resistant transgenic rice Huahui1 (HH1) and its parental-line Minghui63 (MH63) were studied under four treatments combining land use and weed competition: farmland and uncultivated land under weed control (F-NW and U-NW, respectively), and farmland and uncultivated land without weed control (F-W and U-W, respectively). The expression of Cry1Ab/c was significantly lower in U-NW, F-W, and U-W than that in the control treatment, F-NW. Except for plant height, key vegetative (tiller number and biomass) and reproductive (grain number and grain weight per plant) growth indices of transgenic HH1 were significantly lower than those of the parental-line MH63 in F-NW and U-NW, indicating a significant fitness cost. In F-W and U-W, vegetative growth indices (plant height, tiller number, and biomass) were similar in HH1 and MH63; however, key reproductive indices including seed-set rate were significantly higher in HH1 than in MH63, indicating significant fitness benefits. Although these results support large-scale cultivation of insect-resistant transgenic rice in China, the ecological risk involved is high in farmland or uncultivated land without weed control (F-W and U-W).

Keywords: Expression of exogenous protein; Insect-resistant transgenic rice; fitness; uncultivated land soil; weed competition.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The expression of Cry1Ab/c protein in transgenic rice HH1 leaves and stems grown in four simulated growth conditions at five stages. Lowercase indicated significant differences among the five growth stages grown in the same conditions or grown in four conditions at the same growth stage of HH1 rice according to Duncan’s multiple range test (P < .05).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Plant height (Means ± SEM) of HH1 rice and MH63 rice respectively under four growth conditions combining land use and weed competition. Values for HH1 rice with ** are significantly different from those for MH63 according to the t-test (P < .01).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Tiller number per plant (Means ± SEM) of HH1 rice and MH63 rice respectively under four growth conditions combining land use and weed competition. Values for HH1 rice with ** are significantly different from those for MH63 according to the t-test (P < .01).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
SPAD value (Means ± SEM) of HH1 rice and MH63 rice respectively under four growth conditions combining land use and weed competition. Values for HH1 rice with * and ** are significantly different from those for MH63 according to the t-test, respectively (P < .05 or P < .01).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Biomass (Means ± SEM) of HH1 rice and MH63 rice respectively under four growth conditions combining land use and weed competition. Values for HH1 rice with ** are significantly different from those for MH63 according to the t-test (P < .01).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
A significant fitness cost of HH1 compared to MH63 under farmland and uncultivated with weed control and a significant fitness benefit between them under farmland and uncultivated land without weed control.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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