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. 2022 Aug 10;22(1):368.
doi: 10.1186/s12872-022-02799-z.

Antihypertensive medicine use differs between Ghana and Nigeria

Samantha A Hollingworth  1   2 , Daniel Ankrah  3 , Benjamin S C Uzochukwu  4 , Chinyere C Okeke  4 , Francis Ruiz  5 , Emily Thacher  6
Affiliations

Antihypertensive medicine use differs between Ghana and Nigeria

Samantha A Hollingworth et al. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. .

Abstract

Background: Non-communicable diseases are a growing burden in many African countries; cardiovascular disease is the main disease. Antihypertensive medicines (AHM) are a common treatment option but we know little about community use in most low- and medium-income countries (LMIC). We aimed to describe the use of antihypertensive medicines (AHM) in Ghana and Nigeria using a novel data source.

Methods: We used data from mPharma-a health and pharmaceutical company which distributes pharmaceuticals to hospital and retail pharmacies. We extracted data using the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification codes and calculated use in defined daily doses and explored patterns by class, medicines, dose, and originator or generic product.

Results: AHM use differed between Ghana and Nigeria. The most used classes in Ghana were angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) followed by calcium channel blockers (CCB) and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEi). The five most used products were 16 mg candesartan, 30 mg nifedipine, 10 mg lisinopril, 5 mg amlodipine and 50 mg losartan. In Nigeria ARB, CCB and diuretics were widely used; the top five products were 50 mg losartan, 10 mg lisinopril, 30 mg nifedipine, 40 mg furosemide, and 5 mg amlodipine. More originator products were used in Ghana than Nigeria.

Conclusion: The differences between Ghana and Nigeria may result from a combination of medical, contextual and policy evidence and reflect factors related to clinical guidance (e.g. standard treatment guidelines), accessibility to prescribers and the role of community pharmacies, and structure of the health system and universal health coverage including funding for medicines. We show the feasibility of using novel data sources to gain insights on medicines use in the community.

Keywords: (PubMed MESH terms); Antihypertensive medicines; Ghana; Hypertension; Nigeria; Pharmacoepidemiology.

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Conflict of interest statement

ET was an employee of mPharma between 2019 and 2021. The remaining authors declared that they do not have any conflicts of interest.

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