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Review
. 2022 Aug;40(3):459-472.
doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2022.05.002. Epub 2022 May 10.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Alin Gragossian  1 , Matthew T Siuba  2
Affiliations
Review

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Alin Gragossian et al. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs in up to 10% of patients with respiratory failure admitted through the emergency department. Use of noninvasive respiratory support has proliferated in recent years; clinicians must understand the relative merits and risks of these technologies and know how to recognize signs of failure. The cornerstone of ARDS care of the mechanically ventilated patient is low-tidal volume ventilation based on ideal body weight. Adjunctive therapies, such as prone positioning and neuromuscular blockade, may have a role in the emergency department management of ARDS depending on patient and department characteristics.

Keywords: ARDS; High-flow nasal cannula; Mechanical ventilation; Noninvasive ventilation; Respiratory failure; Respiratory support.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Proposed management algorithm for ARDS in the emergency department. ΔP, driving pressure; ED, emergency department; max, maximum; Paco2, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide; Pplat, plateau pressure; RR, respiratory rate; Vt, tidal volume.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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