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Review
. 2022 Aug 3;14(15):3777.
doi: 10.3390/cancers14153777.

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Metastasised Renal Cell Carcinoma-Future or the Past?

Jakob Michaelis  1 , Markus Grabbert  1 , August Sigle  1 , Mehmet Yilmaz  1 , Daniel Schlager  1 , Christian Gratzke  1 , Arkadiusz Miernik  1 , Dominik Stefan Schoeb  1
Affiliations
Review

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Metastasised Renal Cell Carcinoma-Future or the Past?

Jakob Michaelis et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: To review and discuss the literature on applying tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of metastasised renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Materials and methods: Medline, PubMed, the Cochrane database, and Embase were screened for randomised controlled trials, clinical trials, and reviews on treating renal cell carcinoma, and the role of TKI. Each substance's results were summarised descriptively.

Results: While TKI monotherapy is not currently recommended as a first-line treatment for metastasized renal cell carcinoma, TKIs are regularly applied to treat treatment-naïve patients in combination with immunotherapy. TKIs depict the first-choice alternative therapy if immunotherapy is not tolerated or inapplicable. Currently, seven different TKIs are available to treat mRCC.

Conclusions: The importance of TKIs in a monotherapeutic approach has declined in the past few years. The current trend toward combination therapy for mRCC, however, includes TKIs as one significant component of treatment regimens. We found that to remain applicable to ongoing studies, both when including new substances and when testing novel combinations of established drugs. TKIs are of major importance for the treatment of renal cancer now, as well as for the foreseeable future.

Keywords: adjuvant therapy; immune checkpoint inhibitors; renal cell carcinoma; targeted therapy; tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

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Conflict of interest statement

J.M., A.S., M.Y, D.S. and D.S.S declare no conflict of interest. M.G. Grants: MSD, IPSEN; advisory role: MSD, IPSEN, BMS, EISAI, Apogepha, AstraZeneca, Merck; travel expenses: Astellas, Janssen, Promedon, IPSEN, Intuitive Surgical, Bayer; speaker: BostonScientific, MSD, Janssen, Medac, BMS, Astellas, IPSEN; clinical trials: MSD, Bayer, Roche, Intuitive Surgical, Gilead, Janssen. A.M. has received research funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, received travel expenses from the German Association of Urology and the European Association of Urology, is an advisor for KLS Martin, Dornier MedTech Europe, Richard Wolf, Karl Storz, Lisa Laser Products, Boston Scientific, Medi-Tate, and B. Braun New Ventures, is a reviewer for Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, and has received royalties from Walter de Gruyter and Springer Science + Business Media. C.G. has received grants/research support from Astellas Pharma, Bayer, GSK, MSD and Recordati; Honoraria/consultation fees from Amgen, Astellas Pharma, Bayer, GSK, Ipsen, Janssen, Lilly Pharma, Recordati, Pfizer, Rottapharm and STEBA Biotech.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Evolution of treatment options for metastatic RCC—“from the dark to the golden age?”—timeline of mRCC treatments. Letter colours: Dark blue: Early milestones; green: TKI-containing regimens; orange: IO and IO–IO combination therapy; red: IO–TKI combination therapy; light blue: Other systemic therapies (non-TKI/non-IO).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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